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1. • • The odds ratio is the ratio of the odds of the event happening in an exposed group versus a non-exposed group. The odds ratio is commonly used to report the strength of association between exposure and an event. The larger the odds ratio, the more likely the event is to be found with exposure.
     www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431098/

     Odds Ratio - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

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   What are odds and relative risk in epidemiology?

   • In this manner, the results of the odds, or, the relative risk are used to assess the possible association of a risk factor in a health event (disease, or, not). For this reason, in epidemiology, the most common measures of association are the odds ratio, and the relative risk.

   1.8: More advanced calculations- Odds Ratios and Relative Risk

   med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Principles_of_Epidemiology_(Antunez)/01:_Modules/1.08:_More_advanced_calculations-_Odds_Ratios_and_Relative_Risk

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   What is a relative risk based on the odds ratio?

   • Answer the question based on your results of the OR. Relative Risk (commonly abbreviated as RR) It is important to understand what the relative risk is, especially when comparing it to the odds ratio. While the odds ratio assesses the risk or association in general, the relative risk is commonly used to assess causation.

   1.8: More advanced calculations- Odds Ratios and Relative Risk

   med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Principles_of_Epidemiology_(Antunez)/01:_Modules/1.08:_More_advanced_calculations-_Odds_Ratios_and_Relative_Risk

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   Do odds ratios overestimate risk?

   • If the disease condition (event) is rare, then the odds ratio and relative risk may be comparable, but the odds ratio will overestimate the risk if the disease is more common. In such cases, the odds ratio should be avoided, and the relative risk will be a more accurate estimation of risk.

   Odds Ratio - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National Center for

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431098/

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   What is odds ratio?

   • Last Update: May 22, 2023. The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of how strongly an event is associated with exposure. The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group. Odds ratios commonly are used to report case-control studies.

   Odds Ratio - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National Center for

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431098/

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   What are the 2 2 tables used in epidemiology?

   • [iii] [iv] Epidemiologic data are often summarized in 2 × 2 tables. There are 2 main measures of association commonly used in epidemiology: the risk ratio/rate ratio (relative risk) and the odds ratio. The former is calculated for study designs that collect data on incidence: cohorts and RCTs.

   Introduction to 2 x 2 Tables, Epidemiologic Study Design, and Measures

   open.oregonstate.education/epidemiology/chapter/introduction-to-2x2-tables-epidemiologic-study-design-and-measures-of-association/

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   Why is odds ratio important in case-control studies?

   • That is one of the main reasons, the odds ratio is the most commonly used calculation to assess risk in case-control studies, in which cases are compared to those that are non-cases (controls, or, those not affected by the disease, disorder, or, any other health event).

   1.8: More advanced calculations- Odds Ratios and Relative Risk

   med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Principles_of_Epidemiology_(Antunez)/01:_Modules/1.08:_More_advanced_calculations-_Odds_Ratios_and_Relative_Risk

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3. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK431098Odds Ratio - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK431098

   May 22, 2023 · The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group. Odds ratios commonly are used to report case-control studies.

   • Author: Steven Tenny, Mary R. Hoffman
   • Published: 2023/05/22

   • Affiliations: University of Nebraska Medical Center

4. med.libretexts.org › Bookshelves › Medicine1.8: More advanced calculations- Odds Ratios and Relative Risk

   med.libretexts.org › Bookshelves › Medicine

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   Apr 24, 2024 · Introduce the most common methods to assess risk in epidemiology: the odds ratio, and the relative risk. Learn how to analyze and report the odds ratio, and the relative risks as common methods of assessing risk from the results of epidemiological research studies; Summarize the uses of odds ratio and relative risk in epidemiology.

5. open.oregonstate.education › epidemiology › chapter4 Introduction to 2 x 2 Tables, Epidemiologic Study Design ...

   open.oregonstate.education › epidemiology › chapter

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   • Studies That Use Prevalence Data
   • Conclusions
   • References

   Following participants while waiting for incident cases of disease is expensive and time-consuming. Often, epidemiologists need a faster (and cheaper) answer to their question about a particular exposure/disease combination. One might instead take advantage of prevalent cases of disease, which by definition have already occurred and therefore requi...

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   Epidemiologic data are often summarized in 2 × 2 tables. There are 2 main measures of association commonly used in epidemiology: the risk ratio/rate ratio (relative risk) and the odds ratio. The former is calculated for study designs that collect data on incidence: cohorts and RCTs. The latter is calculated for study designs that use prevalent case...

   See full list on open.oregonstate.education

   i. Bodner K, Bodner-Adler B, Wierrani F, Mayerhofer K, Fousek C, Niedermayr A, Grünberger. Effects of water birth on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002;114(10-11):391-395. (↵ Return) ii. Declercq E. The absolute power of relative risk in debates on repeat cesareans and home birth in the United States. J Clin Ethics. 2013;24(...

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   • Author: Marit L. Bovbjerg

   • Publish Year: 2020

6. stats.stackexchange.com › questions › 359416likelihood - Why is odds ratio an estimate of relative risk ...

   stats.stackexchange.com › questions › 359416

   In epidemiological terms, the odds ratio is used as a point estimate of the relative risk in retrospective studies. I understand that odds ratio is calculated in case control studies, while relative risk is calculated in cohort studies.

7. open.oregonstate.education › epidemiologyFoundations of Epidemiology – Open Textbook

   open.oregonstate.education › epidemiology

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   Oct 1, 2020 · It covers epidemiologic thinking, causality, incidence and prevalence, public health surveillance, epidemiologic study designs and why we care about which one is used, measures of association, random error and bias, confounding and effect modification, and screening.

   • Author: Marit L. Bovbjerg

   • Publish Year: 2021

8. www.biochemia-medica.com › en › journalThe odds ratio: calculation, usage and interpretation

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   The odds ratio is a versatile and robust statistic. For example, it can calculate the odds of an event happening given a particular treatment intervention (1). It can calculate the odds of a health outcome given exposure versus non-exposure to a substance or event (2).

9. jamanetwork.com › journals › jamaOdds Ratios—Current Best Practice and Use - JAMA Network

   jamanetwork.com › journals › jama

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   The estimated odds ratio is 1.4 when simultaneously accounting for specialty, spending region, sole proprietor status, sex, and the interaction between specialty and sex. A different odds ratio would be found if the model included a different set of explanatory variables.