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1. • • The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of how strongly an event is associated with exposure. The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group.
     www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431098/

     Odds Ratio - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

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   What are odds and relative risk in epidemiology?

   • In this manner, the results of the odds, or, the relative risk are used to assess the possible association of a risk factor in a health event (disease, or, not). For this reason, in epidemiology, the most common measures of association are the odds ratio, and the relative risk.

   1.8: More advanced calculations- Odds Ratios and Relative Risk

   med.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Medicine/Principles_of_Epidemiology_(Antunez)/01:_Modules/1.08:_More_advanced_calculations-_Odds_Ratios_and_Relative_Risk

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   What is odds ratio?

   • Last Update: May 22, 2023. The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of how strongly an event is associated with exposure. The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group. Odds ratios commonly are used to report case-control studies.

   Odds Ratio - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National Center for

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431098/

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   What is a relative risk based on the odds ratio?

   • Answer the question based on your results of the OR. Relative Risk (commonly abbreviated as RR) It is important to understand what the relative risk is, especially when comparing it to the odds ratio. While the odds ratio assesses the risk or association in general, the relative risk is commonly used to assess causation.

   1.8: More advanced calculations- Odds Ratios and Relative Risk

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   Do odds ratios overestimate risk?

   • If the disease condition (event) is rare, then the odds ratio and relative risk may be comparable, but the odds ratio will overestimate the risk if the disease is more common. In such cases, the odds ratio should be avoided, and the relative risk will be a more accurate estimation of risk.

   Odds Ratio - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National Center for

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431098/

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   What is a clinical odds ratio?

   • Clinically, that often means that the researcher measures the ratio of the odds of a disease occurring or a death from a specific injury or illness happening to the odds of the disease or death not occurring. The odds ratio is used when one of two possible events or outcomes are measured, and there is a supposed causative factor.

   The odds ratio: calculation, usage and interpretation

   www.biochemia-medica.com/en/journal/19/2/10.11613/BM.2009.011/fullArticle

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   What does it mean if odds ratio is less than 1?

   • This can be seen from the interpretation of the odds ratio. An odds ratio greater than 1 implies there are greater odds of the event happening in the exposed versus the non-exposed group. An odds ratio of less than 1 implies the odds of the event happening in the exposed group are less than in the non-exposed group.

   Odds Ratio - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf - National Center for

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK431098/

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3. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK431098Odds Ratio - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK431098

   May 22, 2023 · The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group. Odds ratios commonly are used to report case-control studies.

   • Author: Steven Tenny, Mary R. Hoffman
   • Published: 2023/05/22

   • Affiliations: University of Nebraska Medical Center

4. docmckee.com › odds-ratio-definitionodds ratio | Definition - docmckee.com

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   4 days ago · Odds ratio (OR) is a ratio comparing the odds of an event occurring in one group (such as an exposed or treatment group) with the odds of it occurring in another (often a control or unexposed group). The odds ratio, therefore, tells us whether a particular factor increases or decreases the likelihood of an outcome compared to a baseline.

5. open.oregonstate.education › epidemiology › chapter4 Introduction to 2 x 2 Tables, Epidemiologic Study Design ...

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   • Studies That Use Prevalence Data
   • Conclusions
   • References

   Following participants while waiting for incident cases of disease is expensive and time-consuming. Often, epidemiologists need a faster (and cheaper) answer to their question about a particular exposure/disease combination. One might instead take advantage of prevalent cases of disease, which by definition have already occurred and therefore requi...

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   Epidemiologic data are often summarized in 2 × 2 tables. There are 2 main measures of association commonly used in epidemiology: the risk ratio/rate ratio (relative risk) and the odds ratio. The former is calculated for study designs that collect data on incidence: cohorts and RCTs. The latter is calculated for study designs that use prevalent case...

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   i. Bodner K, Bodner-Adler B, Wierrani F, Mayerhofer K, Fousek C, Niedermayr A, Grünberger. Effects of water birth on maternal and neonatal outcomes. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2002;114(10-11):391-395. (↵ Return) ii. Declercq E. The absolute power of relative risk in debates on repeat cesareans and home birth in the United States. J Clin Ethics. 2013;24(...

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   • Author: Marit L. Bovbjerg

   • Publish Year: 2020

6. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC8351073Risks, Rates and Odds: What’s the Difference and Why Does It ...

   pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC8351073

   The risk difference (RD) is the difference between the absolute risks of 2 interventions or risk factors. The RD represents excess risk attributed to the group with the higher risk. The odds ratio can estimate the risk ratio when the probability of an event is ≤10%.

7. jamanetwork.com › journals › jamaOdds Ratios—Current Best Practice and Use - JAMA Network

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   The estimated odds ratio is 1.4 when simultaneously accounting for specialty, spending region, sole proprietor status, sex, and the interaction between specialty and sex. A different odds ratio would be found if the model included a different set of explanatory variables.

   • Author: Edward C. Norton, Bryan E. Dowd, Matthew L. Maciejewski

   • Publish Year: 2018

8. med.libretexts.org › Bookshelves › Medicine1.8: More advanced calculations- Odds Ratios and Relative Risk

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   Apr 24, 2024 · Introduce the most common methods to assess risk in epidemiology: the odds ratio, and the relative risk. Learn how to analyze and report the odds ratio, and the relative risks as common methods of assessing risk from the results of epidemiological research studies

9. www.biochemia-medica.com › en › journalThe odds ratio: calculation, usage and interpretation

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   The odds ratio is used when one of two possible events or outcomes are measured, and there is a supposed causative factor. The odds ratio is a versatile and robust statistic. For example, it can calculate the odds of an event happening given a particular treatment intervention (1).