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Apr 5, 2024 · Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are common cutaneous neoplasms in dogs. As treatment recommendations and prognostic factors for MCTs continually change, this article aims to demystify the clinical approach to MCTs by reviewing indications for use of the MCT prognostic panel, the clinical relevance of regional lymph node metastasis, and various local ...
- Biologic Behavior and Clinical Stage
- Definitive Treatments For Localized Disease
- Adjuvant Treatments For Localized Or Regional Lymph Node Metastatic Disease
- External Beam Megavoltage Radiation Therapy
- Systemic Chemotherapy
- Intraregional Deionized Water
- Interstitial Brachytherapy
- Treatments For Macroscopic and Metastatic Disease
- Radiation of Macroscopic Tumors: Curative and Palliative Fractionation Schemes
- Intralesional Triamcinolone
Before instituting the most appropriate therapy, it is important to understand that treatment options are based on the predicted biologic behavior, as well as the extent of disease associated with canine mast cell tumors. Histologic grade has been shown to be the most important prognostic factor for predicting biologic behavior and survival times i...
Definitive surgery can be performed in most practice settings, requiring neither additional instrumentation nor specialized equipment. Definitive surgery is most appropriate in dogs with localized mast cell tumors of low or intermediate histologic grade (grade I or II, respectively). Surgery is also best suited for tumors involving anatomical sites...
Not all dogs with localized mast cell tumors are candidates for curative surgery. In some situations, surgery may only be cytoreductive, thereby leaving behind either residual microscopic or even macroscopic disease (Figure 5). For these patients, instituting adjuvant therapies should be recommended to decrease the likelihood of local tumor regrowt...
External beam megavoltage radiation therapy is the most effective and best described adjuvant treatment currently used for managing incompletely resected cutaneous mast cell tumors (Figure 6). To adequately treat localized, microscopic disease, individual doses of radiation, or fractions, are repeatedly delivered to the tumor site and margins. The ...
Although curative-intent radiation therapy is effective for treating residual microscopic cutaneous mast cell tumors, the need for special facilities and associated high treatment costs have limited its use to pet owners with adequate financial means and a willingness to seek treatment from veterinary specialists. Because of these limitations, othe...
Mast cells are sensitive to changes in osmolality and when exposed to hypotonic solutions, will undergo cellular swelling and ultimately membrane lysis. Based on this cellular response, several studies have evaluated the safety and efficacy of intraregional deionized water injections as an adjuvant treatment for incompletely resected cutaneous mast...
Brachytherapy is a radiation treatment modality in which radioactive material sealed in needles, seeds, wires, or catheters is placed directly into or near a tumor. Treatment with brachytherapy may be intracavitary, intraluminal, or interstitial. For interstitial brachytherapy, radioactive materials are placed directly through the body tissue encom...
Contrary to the success in treating localized disease with surgery alone or with adjuvant therapies, the effective management of surgically nonresectable macroscopic disease or advanced distant metastatic mast cell disease remains problematic. In these patients with extensive disease, the intent of therapy is no longer curative. Rather, therapy sho...
When cytoreductive surgeries are not an option for cutaneous mast cell tumors, using radiation therapy alone or in conjunction with other adjuvant therapies may be considered (Figure 7). In one study, 21 dogs with macroscopic tumor burden were treated with curative-intent radiation therapy.19 As would be expected, the initial tumor volume affected ...
Corticosteroids are often used to treat cutaneous mast cell tumors, either as single agents or preferably in combination with other adjuvant therapies. The direct injection of the long-acting corticosteroid triamcinolone into cutaneous mast cell tumors has been anecdotally reported to be an effective treatment option (Figure 8). Biologically, the r...
Treatment. Treatment for your dog’s mast cell tumour will depend on its location, size, grade, and whether it has spread or not. Some require surgery, some require chemotherapy and a few require radiotherapy. Unfortunately, not all MCT’s are curable.
Aug 12, 2014 · Mast cell tumors (MCTs) are the most common malignant skin cancer in dogs, and significant variability exists in their biological behavior. Most MCTs are cured with appropriate local therapy, but a subset shows malignant behavior with the potential to spread to lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and other areas and to thus become a systemic cancer.
- Laura D Garrett
- 10.2147/VMRR.S41005
- 2014
- Vet Med (Auckl). 2014; 5: 49-58.
Where the margins of the tumour are unclear, advanced imaging (for example, MRI) may be useful to determine tumour extent, particularly the deep margins, but it is important to appreciate that in high-grade MCTs, the risk of local recurrence and metastasis is high, so multimodal therapy should be pursued10.
- 821KB
- 14
Jul 16, 2015 · This article focuses on skin (cutaneous and subcutaneous) MCTs. It summarises current understanding of MCT behaviour, prognosis and treatment, with a particular focus on treatment decision-making.
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In most dogs, demodicosis has a good prognosis for cure as long as underlying diseases are identified and treated properly. Treatment should be monitored monthly with multiple skin scrapings and extended beyond clinical and microscopic cure to minimize recurrences.
