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Relative risk (RR), also known as risk ratio, is a cornerstone concept in epidemiology and public health, offering insight into the strength of the association between an exposure and an outcome. This Epi Explained will cover what Relative Risk is, how to calculate it, and provide some practice problems so you can check your understanding.
Thus, while the relative odds (odds ratio) are 0.67/4.0 = 0.1675, the absolute odds changed from 4.0 to 0.67, that is, a difference of 3.33. We would interpret this odds ratio as those in the treatment arm had 0.1675 times the odds (83.25% lower odds) than those in the placebo arm to have hypertension. That is, 80% vs 40% in relative risk (50% ...
- Example 1: Relative Risk < 1
- Example 2: Relative Risk = 1
- Example 3: Relative Risk > 1
- Interpreting Relative Risk in A Contingency Table
- Additional Resources
Suppose we want to know if exercise affects the risk of developing some disease. We collect data and find that 28% of people who exercise regularly develop this disease while 50% of people who do not exercise regularly develop this disease. In this scenario, we would calculate the relative risk as: 1. Relative Risk = P(event in treatment group) / P...
Suppose we want to know if some new studying program affects the ability of students to pass a particular exam. We collect data and find that 40% of students who use the new studying program pass the exam while 40% of students who do not use the studying program also pass the exam. In this scenario, we would calculate the relative risk as: 1. Relat...
Suppose we want to know if smoking affects the risk of developing lung cancer We collect data and find that 70% of people who smoke develop lung cancer while 5% of people who do not smoke develop lung cancer. In this scenario, we would calculate the relative risk as: 1. Relative Risk = P(event in treatment group) / P(event in control group) 2. Rela...
Often you may have to calculate and interpret relative risk using a 2×2 table, which takes the following format: We can use the following formula to calculate relative risk in a 2×2 table: Relative risk= [A/(A+B)] / [C/(C+D)] For example, suppose 50 basketball players use a new training program and 50 players use an old training program. At the end...
The following tutorials offer additional information about odds ratios and relative risk: How to Interpret Odds Ratios How to Calculate Odds Ratio and Relative Risk in Excel
Parallel definitions can be used to compare disease rates between people with different levels of exposure to a risk factor (for example, people with high or low aluminium concentrations in their drinking water). Attributable risk is the disease rate in exposed persons minus that in unexposed persons.
Sep 3, 2024 · Relative risk reduction, or the absolute risk reduction divided by the proportion of patients who die without treatment, is \(22\% = 100\% \times 9 \div 41\). Conclusion: high cholesterol may contribute to increased risk of mortality, but the rate is very low in the population as a whole (the ARR).
Aug 9, 2023 · Risk factors that have a large effect, or are common in the population, can help us understand which interventions would make a big difference. But how can we measure the risk that a given factor has on the outcomes we care about? In this article, I’ll explain this with a simple example. I’ll focus on a hypothetical risk factor – a toxic ...
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The odds ratio, and the relative risk. Both of these methods required calculations based on the probably of the events to happen. The results are commonly called, measures of association. [6] In this manner, the results of the odds, or, the relative risk are used to assess the possible association of a risk factor in a health event (disease, or ...
