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More rigorously, fluids are objects that are well described by the equations of these lectures. The subject of fluid mechanics starts with a lie. (Applied mathematicians prefer the term “approximation”.) The lie, sometimes dubbed the continuum hypothesis, is that fluids are indivisible continuous objects.
A fluid is a state of matter that yields to sideways or shearing forces. Liquids and gases are both fluids. Fluid statics is the physics of stationary fluids. Density is the mass per unit volume of a substance or object, defined as \(\rho = \frac{m}{V}\). The SI unit of density is kg/m 3.
Fluid Mechanics. Notes: • Most of the material in this chapter is taken from Young and Freedman, Chap. 12. 6.1 Fluid Statics. Fluids, i.e., substances that can flow, are the subjects of this chapter. But before we can delve into this topic, we must first define a few fundamental quantities. 6.1.1 Mass Density and Specific Gravity.
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There are three important observations about pressure in a fluid. At any point that a fluid is in contact with a surface, the pressure is directed perpendicular to the surface. At any point inside a fluid, the pressure is directed in all directions with the same magnitude. (See figure 10-1).
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Archimedes’ Principle: When a body is completely or partially immersed in a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward force on the body equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. B=ρ gV. fluid displaced fluid.
When an object is immersed into a fluid, the fluid exerts an upward force on the object equal to the weight of the displaced fluid. Note: The upward force is labeled the buoyant force
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The multi-disciplinary field of fluid mechanics is one of the most actively developing fields of physics, mathematics and engineering. In this book, the fundamental ideas of fluid mechanics are presented from a physics perspective.
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