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- This involved taking a readable message and turning it into an unbreakable code. This ensured that messages could be sent safely to other allies, the countries who were working together to stop the Nazis. The Allies knew the code, so they could decipher the messages without the enemy understanding it.
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In the summer of 1939, with war looming, British cryptanalysts of the Government Code and Cipher School were evacuated to Bletchley Park, a Victorian mansion located about 50 miles from London in Buckinghamshire. It was headed by a naval officer, Commander Edward Travis.
At Bletchley Park, the centre of British code breaking during the war, teams of both men and women worked on complicated problems round the clock, hoping to crack the German codes and bring...
The introductory video ‘Codebreakers’ explores how people based at Bletchley Park broke the German Enigma encryption during the Second World War. In the history activity students explore the role and impact of secret messages and codebreaking during the war.
- Introduction
- Glossary
- Codes & Ciphers
- Secret Communications in The First World War
- The Government Code and Cipher School
- The Enigma Machine and Breaking Enigma
- Turing-Welchman Bombe
- From Y Station to Action
- Who Worked at Bletchley Park?
- The Role of Intelligence During The War
For centuries some people, organisations and governments have wanted to send information secretly. Different ways of sending a secret message have been developed over time but the most common practice has been to hide information by using a code or a cipher (see box below). Just as people want to keep their messages to some people secret others wan...
Code: A way of keeping the meaning of a message hidden by changing whole words e.g. a series of dots and dashes replace letters and words or at sea flags might be used to replace words and sentences. Encoded: A message that has been put into code Cipher: Relies on hiding a message by jumbling up individual letter of the message Encryption: Sending ...
In the field of secret communications (cryptography), a code refers to a way of keeping the meaning of a message hidden by changing whole words. For example, during the Second World War the word “DYNAMO” was used by the Allies when referring to the operation to rescue troops from Dunkirk beach. In contrast, a cipher relies on hiding a message by ju...
In the First World War or Great War, as well as more traditional methods such as carrier pigeon, millions of messages were sent using the modern technology of radio broadcasts and electric telegraph. Radio waves and electric circuits were used because messages could be sent over long distances in a matter of seconds unlike someone sending a paper m...
In 1909, the British government created the Secret Intelligence Service (or Bureau as it was known for a while) SIS, was engaged in all areas of intelligence gathering, codebreaking and analysis of information. Also, during the First World War the Army and the Navy both had their own Intelligence units that intercepted and decrypted messages. After...
The Enigma machine was invented by a German engineer Arthur Scherbius shortly after WW1 The machine (of which a number of varying types were produced) resembled a typewriter. It had a lamp board above the keys with a lamp for each letter. The operator pressed the key for the plaintext letter of the message and the enciphered letter lit up on the la...
Based on the information presented by the Poles, British mathematician Alan Turing developed a machine that was capable of recovering the key settings. The machine was called Bombe (later: Turing-Welchman Bombe) and was built by the British Tabulating Machine Company (BTM) in Letchworth, Hertfordshire (UK) under supervision of Harold (Doc) Keen. Th...
All across the UK were bases called ‘Y’ stations. The ‘Y’ name came from the shape of the aerial and that was what made it significant. A ‘Y’ station would be listening in to the many radio messages that were sent out across the airways. Some listened to actual voice messages but the majority were there to pick up the encrypted messages being sent ...
When Bletchley was first established in 1938 only a few hundred people were based there, but that number grew as time went on. By January 1945, 10,000 people worked at Bletchley, three quarters of them were women. The whole place operated on a shift pattern so that it was able to operate 24 hours a day. The people there including the women worked a...
When people think of conflicts and war they usually think of armies going off to war and although gaining information, (intelligence) has always been important it wasn’t always perceived as being as important as the actual fighting. However, the Second World War changed that. The Nazis dominance in Europe, coupled with the rise in technology meant ...
Feb 23, 2022 · Nearly 10,000 people worked in the wider Bletchley Park organisation. At first GC&CS followed its pre-war recruitment policy and looked for ‘Men and women of a professor type’ through contacts at Oxford and Cambridge universities. Many famous Codebreakers including Alan Turing, Gordon Welchman and Bill Tutte were found this way.
The clattering of typewriters and the hum of early computers hidden inside a small manor in the English countryside was the site of one of WWII's most pivotal battles: codebreaking. At Bletchley Park, brilliant minds worked tirelessly to decrypt enemy messages.
Sep 20, 2018 · By the end of the Second World War in 1945 nearly 10,000 people worked at Bletchley Park, an enormous increase on the 130-strong staff that composed the Government Code and Cypher School in 1939. In many ways it was one of the most remarkable groups ever assembled.
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