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1. • • Deciphering, or breaking, these codes let the Allies listen in on their enemies’ plans and learn about battles before they even happened. As the United States prepared to send men into the war, the country needed people to help with codebreaking. And women, including Ann White, rose to the task.
     kids.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/the-women-codebreakers-of-world-war-ii

     The women codebreakers of World War II - National Geographic Kids

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   How did codebreakers break codes and ciphers?

   • Teams that were often mostly women also broke codes and ciphers themselves, sometimes using complex technology and equipment to help. The codebreakers studied long strings of letters and numbers, looking for patterns that might reveal a message hidden in sentences that looked like nonsense.

   The women codebreakers of World War II - National Geographic Kids

   kids.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/the-women-codebreakers-of-world-war-ii

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   What did code breakers do in WW2?

   • The code breakers of World War II advanced what is known as signals intelligence—reading the coded transmissions of enemies, as well as (sometimes) of allies. They laid the groundwork for the now burgeoning field of cybersecurity, which entails protecting one’s data, networks, and communications against enemy attack.

   The Secret History of the Female Code Breakers Who Helped ... - POLITI…

   www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/10/10/the-secret-history-of-the-women-code-breakers-who-helped-defeat-the-nazis-215694/

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   How many Navy code breakers were women?

   • At least 80 percent of the Navy’s domestic code breakers—some 4,000—were female. Thus, out of about 20,000 total American code breakers during the war, some 11,000 were women. Many of the program’s major successes finally did become public at the end of the war.

   The Secret History of the Female Code Breakers Who Helped ... - POLITI…

   www.politico.com/magazine/story/2017/10/10/the-secret-history-of-the-women-code-breakers-who-helped-defeat-the-nazis-215694/

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   Who was America's first female codebreaker?

   • But actually, that win belonged to the codebreaker Elizabeth Smith Friedman, who helped decipher secret enemy messages during both world wars and is often called America's first female codebreaker. This might look like a typewriter, but it's actually a SIGABA machine, which U.S. intelligence workers used to send secret messages to each other.

   The women codebreakers of World War II - National Geographic Kids

   kids.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/the-women-codebreakers-of-world-war-ii

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   How did Smith Friedman become a Codebreaker?

   • Trailblazing her way through the field as an expert and teacher, Smith Friedman successfully trained the first generation of codebreakers for the military. After World War I, Smith Friedman and her husband moved to Washington, DC where they worked for the Army Signal Corps.

   Elizebeth Smith Friedman - National Women's History Museum

   www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/elizebeth-smith-friedman

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   When did women code breakers become civilians?

   • Unlike the men, women code breakers initially signed onto the Army and Navy as civilians. It wasn’t until 1942 that they could officially join with many lingering inequities in pay, rank and benefits. Despite these injustices, they began arriving in Washington D.C. by the busload, and the city's population seemed to swell overnight.

   How the American Women Codebreakers of WWII Helped Win the War

   www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-women-codebreakers-wwii-helped-win-war-180965058/

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3. www.smithsonianmag.com › history › how-women-codeHow the American Women Codebreakers of WWII Helped Win the War

   www.smithsonianmag.com › history › how-women-code

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   Oct 5, 2017 · It was a woman code breaker who, in 1945, became the first American to learn that World War II had officially ended. The Army and Navy's code breakers had avidly...

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4. www.pbs.org › wgbh › americanexperienceWilliam and Elizebeth Friedman and the NSA’s “Secrecy Virus”

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   Jan 6, 2021 · American codebreakers at Arlington Hall, home of the codebreaking Army Security Agency, the NSA’s predecessor, were acolytes of the Friedmans and their painstaking methodologies. They slowly began...

   • Author: American Experience

5. kids.nationalgeographic.com › history › articleThe women codebreakers of World War II - National Geographic Kids

   kids.nationalgeographic.com › history › article

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   If the answer to the first was yes and the second no, the women were offered the chance to train for a secret career: breaking codes for the United States Army or Navy. Just two years before,...

6. Videos

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     The Codebreaker | American Experience | PBS

     17 Dec 2020

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     How the US Started Code Breaking | The Codebreaker | American Experience | PBS

     21 Dec 2020

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     Code Girls: The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers of World War II

     30 Mar 2018

     18.5K views

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7. www.politico.com › magazine › storyThe Secret History of the Female Code Breakers Who Helped ...

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   Oct 10, 2017 · The Secret History of the Female Code Breakers Who Helped Defeat the Nazis. The Navy and Army recruited more than 10,000 women as ‘cryptanalysts’ to decipher enemy codes during World War II.

   • Author: Liza Mundy

8. www.cia.gov › resources › csiIntelligence in Public Media--Code Girls: The Untold Story of ...

   www.cia.gov › resources › csi

   Code Girls. Early on, readers make the acquaintance of such legendary female code-breakers as Elizebeth Friedman and the legendary “Miss Aggie,” Agnes Meyer Driscoll, one of the 11,000 women who served as yeomen codebreakers during World War I, thanks to a loophole in the Naval Reserve Act of 1916.

9. www.womenshistory.org › education-resourcesElizebeth Smith Friedman | National Women's History Museum

   www.womenshistory.org › education-resources

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   Known as “America’s first female cryptanalyst,” Elizebeth Smith Friedman’s pioneering work in the field of codebreaking helped the country through pivotal moments in the 20th Century.

10. www.nytimes.com › 2017/11/06 › booksThe Women Who Helped America Crack Axis Codes

    www.nytimes.com › 2017/11/06 › books

    Nov 6, 2017 · The Untold Story of the American Women Code Breakers of World War II. By Liza Mundy. Illustrated. 416 pp. Hachette Books. $28. In the fall of 1941, mysterious letters appeared in the mailboxes of...