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Apr 6, 2017 · From black and white to colour, and back again, here is a select history of British photography.
Paper is coated with a mixture of potassium ferrocyanide and ferric ammonium citrate and then dried. A photographic negative or an object is placed on the paper and exposed to light. The paper is then washed in water to leave a chemical mixture called ferric ferrocyanide or Prussian blue.
- 1834-1841 The Daguerrotype and The Calotype
- 1841-1850 The Cyanotype, and Other Processes
- 1851 The (Wet) Collodion Process
- 1871 The Dry Plate Process
- 1885 – 1887 Photographic Film
The descriptions above do not indicate the complexity of the chemical processes. Many people with an interest in chemistry struggled with different combinations of chemicals to find practical methods of creating successful images and obtaining a positive image from the negative. In England, the first person to succeed in this whole process was Will...
Others continued to try to find different methods of creating photographs. An important method known as the cyanotype was developed by Herschel, in 1842. The process uses a mixture of two chemicals, ferric ammonium citrate and potassium ferricyanide. The prints, which are blue in colour, can be fixed by washing in plain water. (There are variants o...
This was apparently invented almost simultaneously by Frederick Scott Archer and Gustave Le Gray. This process used a prepared glass plate which, in the darkroom, would be coated with collodion (a highly flammable solution of nitrocellulose, ether, and alcohol). It was then made light-sensitive with further chemicals and before it could dry, was pl...
Richard Leach Maddox invented the gelatin dry plate silver bromide process. This led to the invention of dry plate photography, which did not require the photographer to develop the plate immediately after exposure. This proved to be a highly successful process, which continued to be used into the 1920s.
In 1885, George Eastman started manufacturing flexible, paper-based photographic film. Although convenient, it produced rather poor results. In 1887 Reverend Hannibal Goodwin filed a patent for celluloid photographic film. The patent was not granted until 1898. In the meantime, George Eastman had already started production of this type of film usin...
After exposure and reversal processing, the black-and-white positive image was carefully placed in register with another filter screen. The result was a colour transparency which could be viewed by transmitted light (light that passes through an object).
Jul 14, 2018 · At the same time, photographers exploited the particularly contrastive characteristics of flash – intense darkness, bright light; black and white.
A glass plate is coated with the wet collodion solution containing light-sensitive silver salts and exposed whilst the plate is still wet. Photographs have to be taken within 15 minutes of coating the plate so a portable dark room is needed.
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Oct 5, 2018 · A black and white photo has a certain feel to it that can be the perfect choice in a shot to fit a particular mood or style. And just like with colored photographs, lighting is an essential key to making black and white photography reach its fullest potential.
