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Nov 28, 2021 · Definition and Examples. Entropy is defined as a measure of a system’s disorder or the energy unavailable to do work. Entropy is a key concept in physics and chemistry, with application in other disciplines, including cosmology, biology, and economics. In physics, it is part of thermodynamics. In chemistry, it is part of physical chemistry.
Example \(\PageIndex{3}\): Entropy Associated with Disorder. Find the increase in entropy of 1.00 kg of ice originally at \(0^oC\), that is melted to form water at \(0^oC\). Strategy. As before, the change in entropy can be calculated from the definition of \(\Delta S\) once we find the energy \(Q\) needed to melt the ice. Solution
For example, in the case of a melting block of ice, a highly structured and orderly system of water molecules changes into a disorderly liquid, in which molecules have no fixed positions (Figure 12.11). There is a large increase in entropy for this process, as we'll see in the following worked example.
The decrease in entropy of the hot object is therefore less than the increase in entropy of the cold object, producing an overall increase, just as in the previous example. This result is very general: There is an increase in entropy for any system undergoing an irreversible process.
Sep 14, 2024 · thermodynamics: Entropy. By the Clausius definition, if an amount of heat Qflows into a large heat reservoir at temperature Tabove absolute zero, then the entropy increase is ΔS= Q/T. This equation effectively gives an alternate definition of temperature that agrees with the usual definition.
Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory.
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Entropy is a measure of disorder. This notion was initially postulated by Ludwig Boltzmann in the 1800s. For example, melting a block of ice means taking a highly structured and orderly system of water molecules and converting it into a disorderly liquid in which molecules have no fixed positions.
