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- A representation of the different types of plants found today. Many produce flowers, plants called Angiosperms, which will give rise to fruits such as berries and nuts.
- The agave plant. During sexual reproduction, the branches of the stalk are covered with masses of yellow flowers. After this time, the “mother” plant will die with the stalk falling and the offspring being dispersed.
- The major divisions of plants.
- The fern life cycle. The adult fern we see growing is the sporophyte at the top of the image, whereas the gametophyte is in the soil and out of view.
Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants are all members of the plant kingdom. The plant kingdom contains mostly photosynthetic organisms; a few parasitic forms have lost the ability to photosynthesize.
- Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Alternation of generations between the haploid (1n) gametophyte and diploid (2n) sporophyte is shown. (credit: modification of work by Peter Coxhead)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): This life cycle of a fern shows alternation of generations with a dominant sporophyte stage. (credit "fern": modification of work by Cory Zanker; credit "gametophyte": modification of work by "Vlmastra"/Wikimedia Commons)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): This life cycle of a moss shows alternation of generations with a dominant gametophyte stage. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): This apple seedling is an example of a plant in which the apical meristem gives rise to new shoots and root growth.
All are eukaryotic, multicellular with differentiated tissues, and photosynthetic. There are more than 300,000 species of cataloged plants. Of these, more than 260,000 are seed plants. Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants are all members of the plant kingdom.
The whole structure is protected from desiccation and can reach the female organs without dependence on water, a major evolutionary development for land-based plants. Male gametes reach female gametophyte and the egg cell gamete though a pollen tube: an extension of a cell within the pollen grain.
Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants are all members of the plant kingdom. The plant kingdom contains mostly photosynthetic organisms; a few parasitic forms have lost the ability to photosynthesize.
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Key Terms – Plant Kingdom. alternation of generations. alternating between two different life stages, or generations, in their life cycle; a haploid stage called gametophyte and a diploid stage called sporophyte. anther. a sac-like structure at the tip of the stamen in which pollen grains are produced. Anthophyta.
