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Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants are all members of the plant kingdom. The plant kingdom contains mostly photosynthetic organisms; a few parasitic forms have lost the ability to photosynthesize. The process of photosynthesis uses chlorophyll, which is located in organelles called chloroplasts.
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- Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Alternation of generations between the haploid (1n) gametophyte and diploid (2n) sporophyte is shown. (credit: modification of work by Peter Coxhead)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): This life cycle of a fern shows alternation of generations with a dominant sporophyte stage. (credit "fern": modification of work by Cory Zanker; credit "gametophyte": modification of work by "Vlmastra"/Wikimedia Commons)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): This life cycle of a moss shows alternation of generations with a dominant gametophyte stage. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): This apple seedling is an example of a plant in which the apical meristem gives rise to new shoots and root growth.
Plants exhibit indeterminate growth, meaning they do not have a final body form, but continue to grow body mass until they die. Plant sex cells and sex organs are classified using the same system as those of animals. Plants reproduce through a union of two sex cells or gametes of different sizes.
- A representation of the different types of plants found today. Many produce flowers, plants called Angiosperms, which will give rise to fruits such as berries and nuts.
- The agave plant. During sexual reproduction, the branches of the stalk are covered with masses of yellow flowers. After this time, the “mother” plant will die with the stalk falling and the offspring being dispersed.
- The major divisions of plants.
- The fern life cycle. The adult fern we see growing is the sporophyte at the top of the image, whereas the gametophyte is in the soil and out of view.
- Recommended Video
- Thallophyta
- Bryophyta
- Pteridophyta
- Gymnosperms
- Angiosperms
A plant kingdom is further classified into subgroups. Classification is based on the following criteria: 1. Plant body: Presence or absence of a well-differentiated plant body. E.g. Root, Stem and Leaves. 2. Vascular system: Presence or absence of a vascular system for the transportation of water and other substances. E.g. Phloem and Xylem. 3. Seed...
Thallophytes lack a well-differentiated body structure and the plant body is thallus like. Thallophyta includes plants with primitive and simple body structures. The plant body is thallus, they may be filamentous, colonial, branched or unbranched. Examples include green algae, red algae and brown algae. Common examples are Volvox, Fucus, Spirogyra,...
Bryophytes do not have vascular tissues. The plant body has root-like, stem-like and leaf-like structures. Bryophytes are terrestrial plants but are known as “amphibians of the plant kingdom” as they require water for sexual reproduction. They are present in moist and shady places. Bryophyta includes mosses, hornworts and liverworts. Some of the co...
Pteridophytes have a well-differentiated plant body into root, stem and leaves. They have a vascular system for the conduction of water and other substances. Some of the common examples are Selaginella, Equisetum, Pteris, etc. More Details: Pteridophyta
Gymnosperms have a well-differentiated plant body and vascular tissues. They bear naked seeds, i.e. seeds are not enclosed within a fruit. Some of the common examples of gymnosperms are Cycas, Pinus, Ephedra, etc.
Angiosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants with a well-differentiated plant body. The seeds of angiosperms are enclosed within the fruits. Angiosperms are widely distributed and vary greatly in size, e.g. Wolffia is small measuring about 0.1 cm and Eucalyptus trees are around 100 m tall. Angiosperms are further divided into monocotyledons and dic...
Jan 21, 2020 · 5.7. How does this align with my curriculum? Province/Territory. Share on: Learn about the categories, or phylum, of the plant kingdom with examples from each. Scientists like to classify living things in order to better understand their relationships. One way to do this is using Taxonomy.
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Sep 13, 2024 · Plant - Photosynthesis, Reproduction, Evolution: Plants (kingdom Plantae) are all multicellular and eukaryotic, and most can convert the energy of sunlight into chemical energy by means of photosynthesis; they are autotrophic and store their excess food as starch.
