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Kingdom Plantae
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- Kingdom Plantae includes all the plants. They are eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic organisms. The plant cell contains a rigid cell wall. Plants have chloroplast and chlorophyll pigment, which is required for photosynthesis.
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How are cells structured? Learn about the size and function of plant and animal cells for GCSE Combined Science, AQA.
- Comparing Sizes
GCSE; AQA Trilogy; Cell structure - AQA Comparing sizes....
- Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Eukaryotic cell: Prokaryotic cell: Size: Most are 5 μm – 100...
- Plant and Animal Cells
There are many different types of cells in animals. Each...
- Video
Cell structure - AQA Video. Organisms are made up of cells....
- Comparing Sizes
- Cell Wall
- Plastids
- Central Vacuole
- Cell Membrane Or Plasma Membrane
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
- Microfilaments Or Actin Filament
- Microtubules
- Intermediate Filaments
- Mitochondria
It is the outermost, protective layer of a plant cell having a thickness of 20-80 nm. Cell walls are made up of carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin and a complex organic polymer called lignin.
They are double membrane-bound organelles that have their own genetic material. Plastidsare mainly of three types: a) Chloroplasts: Found in the green parts of a plantand algae that contain the photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll. b) Leucoplasts: Found in the non-photosynthetic tissues of plants. c) Chromoplasts: Colored plastics found in fruits an...
It is the large vesicle that make up almost 30 to 80% of the total plant cell volume. The central vacuoleis often the largest organelle in the cell that is filled with fluid, ions, enzymes, and other molecules. Apart from plants, they are also present in algae.
It is a thin, biological membrane having a thickness of 7.5-10 nm that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable in nature, which is mainly composed of lipids and proteins, with some carbohydrates attached to them.
It is a series of membranes within the cytoplasm that forms connections with the nucleus on one side and cell membrane on the other. It is of two types: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The surface of RER has ribosomesattached to it, while they are absent in SER.
Also known as Golgi body or Golgi complex, they are stacks of five to eight membrane-covered sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus acts as the post office of the cell by packaging and transporting proteins from their source RER to their destination.The number of Golgi apparatus varies in cells according to their functions.
They are a network of long and thin protein fibers present in the cytoplasm of the cell having a diameter of 3-6 nm. Microfilamentsare composed of actin proteins that make them extremely strong and flexible.
They are fibrous hollow rods composed of proteins called tubulin. Microtubuleshave an outer diameter of 23-27 nm and an inner diameter of about 11-15 nm. They can grow to as long as 50 µm and thus are highly dynamic.
They are made up of two proteins forming a coiled-coil structure. Intermediate filaments have a diameter of 8-10 nm that are intermediate in size to microfilaments and microtubules. Microtubules, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, form the cytoskeletonof the cell.
It is a rod-shaped double membrane-bound organelle that contains its own DNA and ribosomes. Mitochondria are often called the ‘powerhouse of the cell‘, producing ATP that drives all cell-based metabolic activities.
- Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Alternation of generations between the haploid (1n) gametophyte and diploid (2n) sporophyte is shown. (credit: modification of work by Peter Coxhead)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): This life cycle of a fern shows alternation of generations with a dominant sporophyte stage. (credit "fern": modification of work by Cory Zanker; credit "gametophyte": modification of work by "Vlmastra"/Wikimedia Commons)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): This life cycle of a moss shows alternation of generations with a dominant gametophyte stage. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): This apple seedling is an example of a plant in which the apical meristem gives rise to new shoots and root growth.
Sep 4, 2018 · The plant cell contains the outer cell wall and a large central vacuole. Plants contain photosynthetic pigments called chlorophyll present in the plastids. They have different organelles for anchorage, reproduction, support and photosynthesis.
A plant cell wall is arranged in layers and contains cellulose microfibrils, hemicellulose, pectin, lignin, and soluble protein. These components are organized into three major layers:...
The plant kingdom contains mostly photosynthetic organisms; a few parasitic forms have lost the ability to photosynthesize. The process of photosynthesis uses chlorophyll, which is located in organelles called chloroplasts. Plants possess cell walls containing cellulose.
The plant cell wall is an elaborate extracellular matrix that encloses each cell in a plant. It was the thick cell walls of cork, visible in a primitive microscope, that in 1663 enabled Robert Hooke to distinguish and name cells for the first time.
