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- Kingdom Plantae includes all the plants. They are eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic organisms. The plant cell contains a rigid cell wall. Plants have chloroplast and chlorophyll pigment, which is required for photosynthesis.
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Key points. Classification attempts to impose a hierarchy on the complex and dynamic variety of life on Earth by describing how different species group together and how they are related to one...
The five kingdoms are animals, plants, fungi, protist and prokaryotes. Domain - The three domain system of classification organises organisms into three large groups: Bacteria, Archaea and Eukaryota. Phenotype - the physical characteristics of an organism.
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- Thallophyta
- Bryophyta
- Pteridophyta
- Gymnosperms
- Angiosperms
A plant kingdom is further classified into subgroups. Classification is based on the following criteria: 1. Plant body: Presence or absence of a well-differentiated plant body. E.g. Root, Stem and Leaves. 2. Vascular system: Presence or absence of a vascular system for the transportation of water and other substances. E.g. Phloem and Xylem. 3. Seed...
Thallophytes lack a well-differentiated body structure and the plant body is thallus like. Thallophyta includes plants with primitive and simple body structures. The plant body is thallus, they may be filamentous, colonial, branched or unbranched. Examples include green algae, red algae and brown algae. Common examples are Volvox, Fucus, Spirogyra,...
Bryophytes do not have vascular tissues. The plant body has root-like, stem-like and leaf-like structures. Bryophytes are terrestrial plants but are known as “amphibians of the plant kingdom” as they require water for sexual reproduction. They are present in moist and shady places. Bryophyta includes mosses, hornworts and liverworts. Some of the co...
Pteridophytes have a well-differentiated plant body into root, stem and leaves. They have a vascular system for the conduction of water and other substances. Some of the common examples are Selaginella, Equisetum, Pteris, etc. More Details: Pteridophyta
Gymnosperms have a well-differentiated plant body and vascular tissues. They bear naked seeds, i.e. seeds are not enclosed within a fruit. Some of the common examples of gymnosperms are Cycas, Pinus, Ephedra, etc.
Angiosperms are seed-bearing vascular plants with a well-differentiated plant body. The seeds of angiosperms are enclosed within the fruits. Angiosperms are widely distributed and vary greatly in size, e.g. Wolffia is small measuring about 0.1 cm and Eucalyptus trees are around 100 m tall. Angiosperms are further divided into monocotyledons and dic...
The plant kingdom contains mostly photosynthetic organisms; a few parasitic forms have lost the ability to photosynthesize. The process of photosynthesis uses chlorophyll, which is located in organelles called chloroplasts. Plants possess cell walls containing cellulose.
- Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Alternation of generations between the haploid (1n) gametophyte and diploid (2n) sporophyte is shown. (credit: modification of work by Peter Coxhead)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): This life cycle of a fern shows alternation of generations with a dominant sporophyte stage. (credit "fern": modification of work by Cory Zanker; credit "gametophyte": modification of work by "Vlmastra"/Wikimedia Commons)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): This life cycle of a moss shows alternation of generations with a dominant gametophyte stage. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): This apple seedling is an example of a plant in which the apical meristem gives rise to new shoots and root growth.
Mar 6, 2024 · Understanding the Plant Kingdom is crucial for biologists and nature enthusiasts alike. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the Plant Kingdom, covering its classification, characteristics, and a visual representation through diagrams.
Jan 15, 2021 · Cell theory is a proposed and widely accepted view of how most life on Earth functions. According to the theory, all organisms are made of cells. Groups of cells create tissues, organs, and organisms. Further, cells can only arise from other cells. These are the main tenants of cell theory.
