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Kingdom Plantae
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- Kingdom Plantae includes all the plants. They are eukaryotic, multicellular and autotrophic organisms. The plant cell contains a rigid cell wall. Plants have chloroplast and chlorophyll pigment, which is required for photosynthesis.
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Mosses, ferns, conifers, and flowering plants are all members of the plant kingdom. The plant kingdom contains mostly photosynthetic organisms; a few parasitic forms have lost the ability to photosynthesize. The process of photosynthesis uses chlorophyll, which is located in organelles called chloroplasts.
- Figure \(\PageIndex{1}\): Alternation of generations between the haploid (1n) gametophyte and diploid (2n) sporophyte is shown. (credit: modification of work by Peter Coxhead)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{2}\): This life cycle of a fern shows alternation of generations with a dominant sporophyte stage. (credit "fern": modification of work by Cory Zanker; credit "gametophyte": modification of work by "Vlmastra"/Wikimedia Commons)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{3}\): This life cycle of a moss shows alternation of generations with a dominant gametophyte stage. (credit: modification of work by Mariana Ruiz Villareal)
- Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): This apple seedling is an example of a plant in which the apical meristem gives rise to new shoots and root growth.
The shoots and roots of plants increase in length through rapid cell division within a tissue called the apical meristem (Figure 4.5). The apical meristem is a cap of cells at the shoot tip or root tip made of undifferentiated cells that continue to proliferate throughout the life of the plant.
Nomenclature. Division Bryophyta. These are small terrestrial plants. They show differentiation in the body design, with stem, leaf-like structures, and root-like structures. But, they do not have any specialized tissue to conduct water and other substances.
- Bryophytes are so called because even though they are terrestrial plants, they require water for their fertilization process. The sperms are carrie...
- Amphibians are organisms, which can survive both in water and on land but they require water for sexual reproduction. Pteridophyte includes terrest...
- Based on the system of classification proposed by A. W. Eichler (1875 -78), the plant kingdom is divided into two subkingdoms Cryptogamae and Phane...
- On the basis of presence or absence of flowers and seeds, Eichler classified plant kingdom into two sub-kingdoms namely Cryptogamae (absence of flo...
- Division -Thallophytes
- Bryophytes
- Pteridophytes
- Gymnosperms
- Angiosperms
This includes algae, which don’t have a differentiated body (thalloid). They are autotrophic and contain chlorophyll. The algae reproduce by vegetative method (fragmentation), asexual (spores), and sexual (gametes) methods. Thallophytes are divided into the 3 classes- 1. Chlorophyceae– green algae store food as starch, cellulosic walls, chlorophyll...
They need water and soil to complete their life cycleand are known as amphibians of the plant kingdom. They may have root-like(rhizoids), leaf-like, or stem-like structures. The haploid plant body produces gametes (gametophytes). The male sex organ is called the antheridium, while the female is archegonium. When the antherozoids are released into w...
These are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues namely the xylem and phloem. These vascular tissues are well differentiated so that each cell can perform its required function. The spread of pteridophytes is limited as they require water for the transfer of the antherozoids (male gametes). Pteridophytes have true roots, stem and ...
In gymnosperms, the ovules are naked and are not enclosed within any ovary wall at any point in time. Gymnos stands for naked and sperms mean seeds. Gymnosperms usually have taproots. In some cases, these roots have fungal(mycorrhiza) association or have a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria(coralloid roots). Gymnosperms grow under extreme...
The ovules are present within seeds and seeds are not naked. The male sex organ stamen. consisting of a slender filament with an another bearing pollen grains. The female sex organ is the pistil consisting of an ovary at the base, a style, and stigma. The ovary contains ovules each having an embryo sac. Each embryo-sac has one egg cell and two syne...
Jan 21, 2020 · The Kingdom Plantae. All members of the plant kingdom share common features. Plants: are made of more than one cell. We call them multicellular; have cell walls; mainly cannot move; make their own food; The plant kingdom can be divided into groups based on plant structures. Plants with similar structures are grouped together.
Sep 13, 2024 · Plant - Photosynthesis, Reproduction, Evolution | Britannica. Science Plants. Definition of the kingdom. in plant. Also known as: Embryophyta, Metaphyta, Plantae. Written by. William C. Dickison. Professor of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Coauthor of Vascular Plant Systematics. William C. Dickison, George M. Woodwell.
