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How are cells structured? Learn about the size and function of plant and animal cells for GCSE Combined Science, AQA.
- Comparing Sizes
GCSE; AQA Trilogy; Cell structure - AQA Comparing sizes....
- Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes
Eukaryotic cell: Prokaryotic cell: Size: Most are 5 μm – 100...
- Plant and Animal Cells
GCSE; AQA Trilogy; Cell structure - AQA Plant and animal...
- Video
Cell structure - AQA Video. Organisms are made up of cells....
- Comparing Sizes
- Cell Wall
- Plastids
- Central Vacuole
- Cell Membrane Or Plasma Membrane
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus
- Microfilaments Or Actin Filament
- Microtubules
- Intermediate Filaments
- Mitochondria
It is the outermost, protective layer of a plant cell having a thickness of 20-80 nm. Cell walls are made up of carbohydrates such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and pectin and a complex organic polymer called lignin.
They are double membrane-bound organelles that have their own genetic material. Plastidsare mainly of three types: a) Chloroplasts: Found in the green parts of a plantand algae that contain the photosynthetic pigment, chlorophyll. b) Leucoplasts: Found in the non-photosynthetic tissues of plants. c) Chromoplasts: Colored plastics found in fruits an...
It is the large vesicle that make up almost 30 to 80% of the total plant cell volume. The central vacuoleis often the largest organelle in the cell that is filled with fluid, ions, enzymes, and other molecules. Apart from plants, they are also present in algae.
It is a thin, biological membrane having a thickness of 7.5-10 nm that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. The plasma membrane is selectively permeable in nature, which is mainly composed of lipids and proteins, with some carbohydrates attached to them.
It is a series of membranes within the cytoplasm that forms connections with the nucleus on one side and cell membrane on the other. It is of two types: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The surface of RER has ribosomesattached to it, while they are absent in SER.
Also known as Golgi body or Golgi complex, they are stacks of five to eight membrane-covered sacs called cisternae. The Golgi apparatus acts as the post office of the cell by packaging and transporting proteins from their source RER to their destination.The number of Golgi apparatus varies in cells according to their functions.
They are a network of long and thin protein fibers present in the cytoplasm of the cell having a diameter of 3-6 nm. Microfilamentsare composed of actin proteins that make them extremely strong and flexible.
They are fibrous hollow rods composed of proteins called tubulin. Microtubuleshave an outer diameter of 23-27 nm and an inner diameter of about 11-15 nm. They can grow to as long as 50 µm and thus are highly dynamic.
They are made up of two proteins forming a coiled-coil structure. Intermediate filaments have a diameter of 8-10 nm that are intermediate in size to microfilaments and microtubules. Microtubules, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, form the cytoskeletonof the cell.
It is a rod-shaped double membrane-bound organelle that contains its own DNA and ribosomes. Mitochondria are often called the ‘powerhouse of the cell‘, producing ATP that drives all cell-based metabolic activities.
Jun 26, 2021 · The process of flower development involves the formation of very complex structures. Flowers generally arise from the inflorescence meristem, where cellular differentiation processes give rise to specialized structures involved in all the aspects of plant reproduction.
- José Erik Cruz-Valderrama, Judith Jazmin Bernal-Gallardo, Humberto Herrera-Ubaldo, Stefan de Folter
- 10.3390/genes12070978
- 2021
- Genes (Basel). 2021 Jul; 12(7): 978.
May 17, 2023 · A plant cell is the basic building block of a plant. Plant cells, like all eukaryotic cells, contain a nucleus and other organelles, each with its distinct functions. However, plant cells also possess unique components that differentiate them from animal, fungal, and bacterial cells.
Fertilisation in Flowering Plants. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants requires the transfer of pollen between male and female parts of flowers. The development of flowers occurs in the reproductive stage of the plant life cycle.
Jun 11, 2004 · In this review, I will outline the present state of knowledge, focusing on molecular and genetic mechanisms revealed in work on Arabidopsis, specifically in three areas: the integration of floral induction signals by a small group of floral integrators, the activation of the floral organ identity genes by the floral meristem identity genes, and ...
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Sep 11, 2017 · The B function is provided by two MADS box genes, APETALA3 (AP3) and PISTILLATA (PI), while the C function is provided by the MADS box gene AGAMOUS (AG). The combinatorial action of the ABC proteins results in part from expression of their genes in discrete domains of the developing flower.
