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Revise mitosis, the cell cycle and how stem cells work in humans and plants for GCSE Biology, AQA.
- Cell Cycle Definition
- Function of Cell Cycle
- Phases of Cell Cycle
- Cell Cycle Regulation
- Cell Cycle Examples
- Quiz
The cell cycle is a cycle of stages that cells pass through to allow them to divide and produce new cells. It is sometimes referred to as the “cell division cycle” for that reason. New cells are born through the division of their “parent” cell, producing two “daughter” cells from one single “parent” cell. Daughter cells start life small, containing...
Because cells reproduce by dividing, new “daughter” cells are smaller than their parent cells, and may inherit the bare minimum of cellular machinery they need to survive. Before these daughter cells can divide to produce still more cells, they need to grow and reproduce their cellular machinery. The importance of the cell cycle can be understood b...
Mitosis
Let’s start this cell cycle with “birth.” During mitosis, the “parent” cell goes through a complex series of steps to ensure that each “daughter” cell will get the materials it needs to survive, including a copy of each chromosome. Once the materials are properly sorted, the “parent” cell divides down the middle, pinching its membrane in two. You can read more about the detailed steps of mitosis and how a parent cell makes sure its daughter cells will inherit what they need to survive in our...
G1 Phase
In G1phase, the newly formed daughter cell grows. The “G” is most often said to stand for “gap,” since these phases appear to an outside observer with a light microscope to be relatively inactive “gaps” in the cell’s activity. However given what we know today, it might be more accurate to say the “G” stands for “growth” – for the “G” phases are flurries of protein and organelle production as well as literal increase in the size of the cell. During the first “growth” or “gap” phase, the cell p...
S Phase
During S phase, the cell replicates its DNA. The “S” stands for “synthesis” – referring to the synthesis of new chromosomes from raw materials. This is a very energy-intensive operation, since many nucleotides need to by synthesized. Many eukaryotic cells have dozens of chromosomes – huge masses of DNA – that must be copied. Production of other substances and organelles is slowed greatly during this time as the cell focuses on replicating its entire genome. When the S phase is completed, the...
It’s very important for the survival of cells and organisms that the cell cycle be regulated. Organisms need to be able to stop cell division when the cell in question is damaged, or when there isn’t enough food to support new growth; they must also be able to start up cell division when growth or wound healing are needed. To accomplish this, cells...
Here we’ll discuss common examples of how cells regulate their cell cycles, using a complex cascade of signal molecules, protein-activating enzymes, and signal-destroying molecules.
1. Which of the following is NOT a reason why interphase is necessary? A. Daughter cells begin life with only one copy of their DNA. B. Daughter cells begin life small, without sufficient cellular machinery to pass on to daughter cells. C. If cells performed mitosis repeatedly without going through interphase, each generation of daughter cells woul...
Feb 2, 2023 · What is the Cell Cycle? Cells divide into new (daughter) cells through a series of events that take place in steps. The products formed in each round replicate the process in the next round. A cell cycle is thus a sequence of events that a cell goes through as it grows and divides to produce new cells.
Aug 6, 2017 · A biofilm is a thick layer of prokaryotic organisms that have aggregated to form a colony. The colony attaches to a surface with a slime layer which aids in protecting the microorganisms. There are a number of reasons why biofilms are formed, all of which promote growth and survival or the microorganisms.
The cell cycle is the series of events involved in cell growth and cell division. It involves mitosis (a type of cell division), which allows for the growth, repair and asexual reproduction of cells. It involves: Initial growth stage. Extra ribosomes, mitochondria and other sub-cellular structures are produced.
The most basic function of the cell cycle is to duplicate accurately the vast amount of DNA in the chromosomes and then segregate the copies precisely into two genetically identical daughter cells. These processes define the two major phases of the cell cycle.
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In eukaryotes, the cell cycle consists of four discrete phases: G 1, S, G 2, and M. The S or synthesis phase is when DNA replication occurs, and the M or mitosis phase is when the cell...
