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Plasmid
collegedunia.com
- A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that is different than the chromosomal DNA, which is all the genetic material found in an organism’s chromosomes. It replicates independently of chromosomal DNA.
biologydictionary.net/plasmid/Plasmid - Definition, Types and Functions | Biology Dictionary
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Bacteria have a single circular chromosome in the centre of the cell that holds all the genes needed for that bacterium. Bacteria also have extra circles of DNA called plasmids.
The DNA of bacterial cells is found loose in the cytoplasm. It is called chromosomal DNA and is not contained within a nucleus. Plasmid DNA. Bacteria also have small, closed-circles of DNA...
Circular DNA is a type of DNA molecule that has a closed-loop structure, which is commonly found in prokaryotes and some eukaryotic organelles. This unique configuration allows for efficient replication and expression, playing a vital role in the genomic organization and function of these organisms.
- Plasmid Definition
- Functions of Plasmids
- General Types of Plasmids
- Specific Types of Plasmids
- Applications of Plasmids
- Related Biology Terms
- Quiz
A plasmid is a small, circular piece of DNA that is different than the chromosomal DNA, which is all the genetic material found in an organism’s chromosomes. It replicates independently of chromosomal DNA. Plasmids are mainly found in bacteria, but they can also be found in archaea and multicellular organisms. Plasmids usually carry at least one ge...
Plasmids have many different functions. They may contain genes that enhance the survival of an organism, either by killing other organisms or by defending the host cell by producing toxins. Some plasmids facilitate the process of replication in bacteria. Since plasmids are so small, they usually only contain a few genes with a specific function (as...
Conjugative and Non-Conjugative
There are many ways to classify plasmids from general to specific. One way is by grouping them as either conjugative or non-conjugative. Bacteria reproduce by sexual conjugation, which is the transfer of genetic material from one bacterial cell to another, either through direct contact or a bridge between the two cells. Some plasmids contain genes called transfer genes that facilitate the beginning of conjugation. Non-conjugative plasmids cannot start the conjugation process, and they can onl...
Incompatibility
Another plasmid classification is by incompatibility group. In a bacterium, different plasmids can only co-occur if they are compatible with each other. An incompatible plasmid will be expelled from the bacterial cell. Plasmids are incompatible if they have the same reproduction strategy in the cell; this allows the plasmids to inhabit a certain territory within it without other plasmids interfering.
There are five main types of plasmids: fertility F-plasmids, resistance plasmids, virulence plasmids, degradative plasmids, and Col plasmids.
Humans have developed many uses for plasmids and have created software to record the DNA sequences of plasmids for use in many different techniques. Plasmids are used in genetic engineering to amplify, or produce many copies of, certain genes. In molecular cloning, a plasmid is a type of vector. A vector is a DNA sequence that can transport foreign...
Bacteria– Single-celled microbes that were one of the first types of lifeforms to evolve on Earth; they can exist independently or inside other organisms.Episome– In bacteria, a plasmid that can be inserted into the chromosome. In eukaryotes, plasmid refers to non-chromosomal DNA that can be replicated in the nucleus, such as a virus.Conjugative– A category of plasmids that start the process of sexual conjugation in bacteria.Bacteriocin– a protein produced by a plasmid in a bacterium that kills other bacteria of a closely related strain.1. Which is NOT one of the five main types of plasmids? A. Fertility F-plasmids B. DNA Plasmids C. Col Plasmids D.Virulence Plasmids 2. What is a non-conjugative plasmid? A. A plasmid that cannot be replicated B. A plasmid that cannot trigger the sexual conjugation process C. A plasmid that codes for toxins that kill conjugative plasmids D.A plasmi...
May 23, 2018 · Bacterial chromosomes are usually circular, with the double helix looping around to make a complete circle. Eukaryotic chromosomes are linear, with the double helix sealing up at the two distant ends.
Circular DNA refers to a type of synthetic DNA that forms a closed loop structure, with no free ends. It can be constructed in both single-stranded and double-stranded forms, ranging in size from a few nucleotides to thousands of nucleotides.
Circular DNA is a form of closed-loop DNA that has no ends. This type of DNA is found in the cytoplasm of most prokaryotic cells. Also, it is seen in organelles like chloroplasts and mitochondria. The plasmid DNA is a classic example of extrachromosomal circular DNA.
