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     • A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC. He played a critical role in the events that led to the demise of the Roman Republic and the rise of the Roman Empire.
     en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Caesar

     Julius Caesar - Wikipedia

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   Why did Caesar have a civil war?

   • Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) was a civil war during the late Roman Republic between two factions led by Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey), respectively. The main cause of the war was political tensions relating to Caesar's place in the republic on his expected return to Rome on the expiration of his governorship in Gaul.

   Caesar's civil war - Wikipedia

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   Did Julius Caesar choose war?

   • Caesar chose war. Conquering Hero A bust from the National Archaeological Museum in Naples depicts Julius Caesar, whose popularity skyrocketed after his conquest of Gaul, threatening the power of Rome’s nobility. This article appears in the March/April 2017 issue of National Geographic History magazine.

   How Julius Caesar Started a Big War by Crossing a Small

   www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/julius-caesar-crossing-rubicon-rome

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   Where did Caesar fight in the Roman War?

   • Caesar refused and instead marched on Rome. The war was fought in Italy, Illyria, Greece, Egypt, Africa, and Hispania. The decisive events occurred in Greece in 48 BC: Pompey defeated Caesar at the Battle of Dyrrhachium, but the subsequent larger Battle of Pharsalus was won by Caesar and Pompey's army disintegrated.

   Caesar's civil war - Wikipedia

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   Why did Julius Caesar return to Rome?

   • Following his victories in Gaul, Julius Caesar attempts to return to Rome, but his former ally Pompey and his enemies in the Senate instead order him to lay down his command. Faced with the intransigence of the Senate, Caesar and the 13th Legion cross the Rubicon, the official border between Gaul and Italy, a decision that will lead to civil war.

   How Julius Caesar Started a Big War by Crossing a Small

   www.nationalgeographic.com/history/history-magazine/article/julius-caesar-crossing-rubicon-rome

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   Why did Caesar fight at Pharsalus?

   • Under Caesar’s charismatic leadership, these war-hardened legionaries had often won battles while fighting greatly outnumbered by fierce Gallic warriors. At Pharsalus, however, Caesar’s soldiers confronted other disciplined Roman legionaries in a battle certain to decide the outcome of a brutal civil war.

   Julius Caesar at War - HistoryNet

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   What was Caesar's first act of war?

   • On January 10–11, 49 bce, Caesar led his troops across the little river Rubicon, the boundary between his province of Cisalpine Gaul and Italy proper. He thus committed the first act of war. This was not, however, the heart of the matter.

   Julius Caesar - Roman Ruler, Civil War, 49-45 BCE | Britannica

   www.britannica.com/biography/Julius-Caesar-Roman-ruler/Antecedents-and-outcome-of-the-civil-war-of-49-45-bce

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3. www.historynet.com › julius-caesar-warJulius Caesar at War - HistoryNet

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   Jul 19, 2017 · In January 49 B.C., he led his legion across the shallow Rubicon River and entered Italy – a virtual declaration of war against the Roman Republic. Led by Pompey and his optimates (conservative supporters), the Senate fled Rome, first to Brundisium in southern Italy and then across the Adriatic Sea to Rome’s Greek provinces.

   • Author: Chuck Lyons

4. en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Caesar's_civil_warCaesar's civil war - Wikipedia

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   Caesar's civil war (49–45 BC) was a civil war during the late Roman Republic between two factions led by Gaius Julius Caesar and Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Pompey), respectively. The main cause of the war was political tensions relating to Caesar's place in the republic on his expected return to Rome on the expiration of his governorship in Gaul.

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     Caesar's Civil War: The War Begins 49BC DOCUMENTARY

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     Julius Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War - Book 1

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     Caesar against Pompey - Great Roman Civil War DOCUMENTARY

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6. www.historyskills.com › classroom › ancient-historyCaesar's Civil War: Ancient Rome destroys itself - History Skills

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   In 49 BC, the Roman world was thrown into a destructive civil war that saw families split and brothers fighting brothers on the battlefield. On one side of the conflict stood Julius Caesar and on the other was Pompey the Great. Both men sought to become the most powerful individual in the Roman republic.

7. www.britannica.com › event › Battle-of-PharsalusBattle of Pharsalus | Summary, Facts, & Significance | Britannica

   www.britannica.com › event › Battle-of-Pharsalus

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   Battle of Pharsalus (48 BCE), the decisive engagement in the Roman civil war (49–45 BCE) between Julius Caesar and Pompey the Great. Caesar successfully routed Pompey’s levies somewhere near Pharsalus (now Farsala, Greece). Pompey’s flight and subsequent murder handed Caesar the ultimate victory.

8. www.britannica.com › biography › Julius-Caesar-RomanJulius Caesar | Biography, Conquests, Facts, & Death | Britannica

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   Oct 19, 2024 · Julius Caesar was a political and military genius who overthrew Rome’s decaying political order and replaced it with a dictatorship. He triumphed in the Roman Civil War but was assassinated by those who believed that he was becoming too powerful.

   • Julius Caesar's family was old Roman nobility, but they were not rich. His father died when he was 16, but he received significant support from his...
   • Julius Caesar was murdered in the Roman Senate House by a group of nobles on March 15, 44 BCE. The assassination plot was led by Gaius Cassius Long...
   • Julius Caesar crafted an alliance with Marcus Licinius Crassus and Pompey to form the First Triumvirate and challenge the power of the Roman Senate...

9. www.nationalgeographic.com › history › historyHow Julius Caesar Started a Big War by Crossing a Small Stream

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   It was, quite simply, an act of war. Huddled against the biting cold, many of the soldiers of the 13th Legion of the army of the Roman Republic had served under Caesar for much of the...

10. www.britannica.com › biography › Julius-Caesar-RomanJulius Caesar - Roman Ruler, Civil War, 49-45 BCE | Britannica

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    Oct 19, 2024 · Caesar wintered in Alexandria, fighting with the populace and dallying with Queen Cleopatra. In 47 bce he fought a brief local war in northeastern Anatolia with Pharnaces, king of the Cimmerian Bosporus, who was trying to regain Pontus, the kingdom of his father, Mithradates.