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On January 10, 49 B.C., on the banks of the Rubicon River in southern Gaul (near the modern-day city of Ravenna), Julius Caesar and the soldiers of the 13th Legion waited and weighed their...
During the campaigns in 55 and 54 BC, Caesar invaded Britain, marking the first Roman expeditions to the island. These campaigns were characterized by fierce battles against various Celtic tribes. The Gallic War ended with Roman victory at the Battle of Alesia .
- Who Were The Gauls?
- Julius Caesar’s Rise to Political Power in Rome
- Governorship Over Cisalpine Gaul, Illyrium, and Transalpine Gaul
- Reasons Why Julius Caesar Began His Military Conquest of Gaul
- What Triggered The Gallic Wars?
- 58 BC: The Start of The Gallic Wars
- Caesar Pushes on to Conquer All of Gaul
- Caesar’s Naval Campaign Against The Veneti
- Caesar Becomes The First Roman General to Cross The Rhine
- How Caesar Dealt with Vercingetorix’S Revolt in 52 BC
The Gauls were a group of Celtic peoples who inhabited much of Western Europe from the Iron Age through the Roman period. They were particularly concentrated in what is now modern-day France, Belgium, and parts of Switzerland, Italy, and Germany. The Gauls were known for their fierce warrior culture and were feared by the Romans for their military ...
Julius Caesar was born into an affluent and influential family – the gens Julia. His family claimed to be descendants of Julus (also known as Ascanius), the legendary king of Alba Longa and son of Trojan War hero Aeneas and Creusa. As Aeneas was seen as the son of the Roman goddess Venus (Aphroditein Greek mythology), the Julii saw themselves as de...
Try as Caesar’s opponents in the Roman Senate might, they simply could not halt the political rise of Caesar following the end of his consulship. Caesar carefully leveraged his political connections and secured governorship over Cisalpine Gaul (present-day northern Italy) and Illyricum (northwest Balkans). And when the governor of Transalpine Gaul ...
In his own account (i.e. Commentarii de Bello Gallico), Julius Caesar enumerated some of the reasons why he began a military campaign against the Gauls. The Roman general cited reasons such as it being a preemptive strike – a sort of deterrent to the Gauls, whom he believed were mobilizing and preparing to strike Roman border regions. However, the ...
Before the breakout of the Gallic Wars in 58 BC, Rome’s Gallic ally Aedui was attacked by an alliance of the Gallic tribes Arverni and Sequani and the Germanic Suebi nations. The Aedui suffered a crushing defeat at the Battle of Magetobriga in 63 BC. The Aedui’s request for aid from Rome did not get any reply. However, Julius Caesar would later use...
Julius Caesar would use the migration of those Gallic tribes as a justification for a military campaign against the Gauls. Caesar marched about five of his legions and unleashed an unprovoked attack against the Helvetii. The Roman general had an estimated total of between 25,000 and 30,000 soldiers. It must be noted that Gauls formed part of some C...
Following those two remarkable victories over the Gallic and Germanic tribes, Caesar reasoned that the winds were in his sails and therefore set out for an-out conquest of all of Gaul. Sensing this, some Gallic tribes quickly struck an alliance with Rome. In 57 BC, he marched his army against the Belgae tribal confederation (in what is today’s Belg...
Located in the northern part of the Brittany Peninsula, the Gallic tribe of Veneti in the winter of 56 BC refused to comply with Caesar’s orders to provide grain and housing for the Roman troops. As they duly anticipated a fierce response from Caesar, the Veneti proceeded to ally themselves with the tribes of Armorica (or Aremorica), a group of Gal...
He crossed the Rhine primarily because he wanted to halt the advances of made by the Celtic Tencteri and Usipetes across the Rhine. Those tribes had been forced out of their territories by the Suebi. In the first few skirmishes, the Celts outwitted the Romans and defeated them. Sour by the loss, Caesar attacked civilian population of the Celts. Acc...
In 53 BC, Caesar made an announcement that the Gauls were to be brought in as a province of Rome. What that meant was that they would be governed by Roman laws and abide by Roman religious practice. This decision posed a huge threat to the Gauls, who felt that Rome was out to wipe their culture and destroy their lands. Vercingetorix, leader of the ...
Caesar wrote, “The battle brought the name and nation of the Nervii almost to utter destruction.” When calm descended upon the hillside, a pitiful 500 Nervii remained alive. A 19th-century French depiction of Gaul subdued by the Romans.
- Battle of Bibracte. The Battle of Bibracte in 58 B.C. was won by the Romans under Julius Caesar and lost by the Helvetii under Orgetorix. This was the second major battle known in the Gallic Wars.
- Battle of Vosges. The Battle of Vosges in 58 B.C. was won by the Romans under Julius Caesar and lost by the Germans under Ariovistus. Also known as the Battle of Trippstadt, this was the third major battle of the Gallic Wars where Germanic tribes had crossed the Rhine in hopes of having Gaul be their new home.
- Battle of the Sabis. The Battle of the Sabis in 57 B.C. was won by the Romans under Julius Caesar and lost by the Nervii. This battle was also referred to as the Battle of the Sambre.
- Battle of Morbihan Gulf. The Battle of Morbihan Gulf in 56 B.C. was won by the Romans' naval fleet under D. Junius Brutus and was lost by the Veneti. Caesar considered the Veneti rebels and punished them severely.
Gaius Julius Caesar [a] (12 July 100 BC – 15 March 44 BC) was a Roman general and statesman. A member of the First Triumvirate, Caesar led the Roman armies in the Gallic Wars before defeating his political rival Pompey in a civil war, and subsequently became dictator from 49 BC until his assassination in 44 BC.
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On the pretext of protecting the lands of the Aedui, proclaimed ‘allies and friends of the Roman people’, Caesar intervened in the summer of 58 bc. He defeated the Helvetii at Bibracte (near Autun) and forced the remnants of the defeated army back to their starting point.
