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1. • IF1, IF2, and IF3

     

     researchgate.net

     • Protein synthesis initiation is triggered by the presence of several initiation factors IF1, IF2, and IF3, including mRNA, ribosomes, tRNA.
     microbenotes.com/translation-protein-synthesis/

     Protein Synthesis: Enzymes, Sites, Steps, Inhibitors

2. People also ask

   What are protein factors?

   • Protein factors– the process of protein synthesis requires multiple non-ribosomal proteins that transiently participate during the initiation, elongation, and termination phases of protein synthesis. These factors are named for the phase in which they function (for example, eukaryotic initiation factor 2, eIF2).

   Biochemistry, Protein Synthesis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545161/

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   What is the initiation complex of translation in bacteria?

   • Figure \ (\PageIndex {4}\): Translation in bacteria begins with the formation of the initiation complex, which includes the small ribosomal subunit, the mRNA, the initiator tRNA carrying N-formyl-methionine, and initiation factors. Then the 50S subunit binds, forming an intact ribosome.

   11.4: Protein Synthesis (Translation) - Biology LibreTexts

   bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/11:_Mechanisms_of_Microbial_Genetics/11.04:_Protein_Synthesis_(Translation)

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   What initiation factors are involved in E coli mRNA synthesis?

   • In E. coli, this complex involves the small 30S ribosome, the mRNA template, three initiation factors that help the ribosome assemble correctly, guanosine triphosphate (GTP) that acts as an energy source, and a special initiator tRNA carrying N -formyl-methionine (fMet-tRNA fMet) (Figure \ (\PageIndex {4}\)).

   11.4: Protein Synthesis (Translation) - Biology LibreTexts

   bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Microbiology/Microbiology_(OpenStax)/11:_Mechanisms_of_Microbial_Genetics/11.04:_Protein_Synthesis_(Translation)

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   Why is protein synthesis driven by translation factors?

   • Protein synthesis is driven by translation factors that interact with the ribosome during all stages of the translation cycle. Mitochondria contain a reduced set of translation factors that are more closely related to the bacterial than the eukaryotic cytosolic system (reviewed elsewhere 41, 42).

   Mechanisms and regulation of protein synthesis in mitochondria

   www.nature.com/articles/s41580-021-00332-2

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   What causes phosphorylation of cytoplasmic translation initiation factor 2?

   • Activation of the ISR by mitochondrial stress (proteotoxic stress, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential or antibiotic treatment) leads to phosphorylation of cytoplasmic translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2) 177, 179, 192, 193, which attenuates global cap-dependent translation to conserve energy and reduce the cellular protein load 196.

   Mechanisms and regulation of protein synthesis in mitochondria

   www.nature.com/articles/s41580-021-00332-2

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   How is translation initiation promoted?

   • Translation initiation is promoted by IF1, IF2, and IF3, which mediate base pairing of the initiator tRNA anticodon to the mRNA initiation codon located in the ribosomal P-site. The mechanism of translation initiation differs for canonical and leaderless mRNAs, since the latter is dependent on the relative level of the initiation factors.

   (PDF) Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Bacteria

   www.researchgate.net/publication/7978346_Initiation_of_Protein_Synthesis_in_Bacteria

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3. pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC1082788Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Bacteria - PMC

   pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › articles › PMC1082788

   The ribosome, the aminoacylated and formylated initiator tRNA (fMet-tRNA f Met), mRNA, and the three protein factors, initiation factor IF1, initiation factor IF2, and initiation factor IF3, are involved in the translation initiation phase (Fig. 1).

   • PubMed

     The first section describes the ribosomal features relevant...

4. pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 15755955Initiation of protein synthesis in bacteria - PubMed

   pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › 15755955

   The first section describes the ribosomal features relevant to the initiation process. Subsequent sections describe the structure, function, and interactions of the mRNA, the initiator tRNA, and the initiation factors IF1, IF2, and IF3.

   • Author: Brian Søgaard Laursen, Hans Peter Sørensen, Kim Kusk Mortensen, Hans Uffe Sperling-Petersen

   • Publish Year: 2005

5. bio.libretexts.org › Bookshelves › Microbiology11.4: Protein Synthesis (Translation) - Biology LibreTexts

   bio.libretexts.org › Bookshelves › Microbiology

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   Apr 21, 2024 · Figure \(\PageIndex{4}\): Translation in bacteria begins with the formation of the initiation complex, which includes the small ribosomal subunit, the mRNA, the initiator tRNA carrying N-formyl-methionine, and initiation factors.

6. Videos

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     5:28

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     Bacterial Protein synthesis Animation - Initiation, Elongation and Termination

     21 Dec 2019

     109.9K views

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     4:06

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     Animation of Protein Synthesis (Translation) in Prokaryotes.

     25 Nov 2014

     859.3K views

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     21:30

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     Translation Initiation | Initiation of Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry

     15 Jan 2022

     16.1K views

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7. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK545161Biochemistry, Protein Synthesis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf

   www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › books › NBK545161

   Jul 17, 2023 · Protein factors– the process of protein synthesis requires multiple non-ribosomal proteins that transiently participate during the initiation, elongation, and termination phases of protein synthesis.

   • Author: Jacob E. Hoerter, Steven R. Ellis
   • Published: 2023/07/17

   • Publish Year: 2021

8. journals.asm.org › doi › 10Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Bacteria | Microbiology ...

   journals.asm.org › doi › 10

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   We present a detailed description of current knowledge about the structure, function, and interactions of the individual components involved in bacterial translation initiation. The first section describes the ribosomal features relevant to the initiation process.

9. www.nature.com › articles › s41580/021/00332-2Mechanisms and regulation of protein synthesis in ... - Nature

   www.nature.com › articles › s41580/021/00332-2

   Feb 16, 2021 · In bacteria, three translation initiation factors — initiation factor 1 (IF1), IF2 and IF3 — help to recruit initiator tRNA and to localize the start codon on the message 41.

10. www.researchgate.net › publication › 7978346(PDF) Initiation of Protein Synthesis in Bacteria - ResearchGate

    www.researchgate.net › publication › 7978346

    Apr 1, 2005 · Citations (551) References (281) Figures (11) Abstract and Figures. Valuable information on translation initiation is available from biochemical data and recently solved structures.