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Mar 2, 2020 · The odds ratio is the ratio of two odds. ODDS RATIO: Odds Ratio = Odds of Event A / Odds of Event B. For example, we could calculate the odds ratio between picking a red ball and a green ball. The probability of picking a red ball is 4/5 = 0.8. The odds of picking a red ball are (0.8) / 1- (0.8) = 0.8 / 0.2 = 4.
- Who Is It for?
- What Will I Learn and How?
- Contents
- Introduction
- Odds Ratio
- Confidence Interval
- P Values
- Bringing It All Together – Real World Example
- Summary
- Self Test Answers
Students of medicine or from the clinical sciences and professions allied to medicine wanting to enhance their understanding of medical literature they will encounter throughout their careers.
How to interpret odds ratios, confidence intervals and p values with a stepwise progressive approach and a’concept check’ question as each new element is introduced.
Introduction Odds ratio Confidence interval P value Bringing it all together – Real world example Summary Self test Answers
The first steps in learning to understand and appreciate evidence-based medicine are daunting to say the least, especially when confronted with the myriad of statistics in any paper. This short tutorial aims to introduce healthcare students to the interpretation of some of the most commonly used statistics for reporting the results of medical resea...
An odds ratio is a relative measure of effect, which allows the comparison of the intervention group of a study relative to the comparison or placebo group. So when researchers calculate an odds ratio they do it like this: The numerator is the odds in the intervention arm The denominator is the odds in the control or placebo arm = Odds Ratio (OR) S...
The confidence interval indicates the level of uncertainty around the measure of effect (precision of the effect estimate) which in this case is expressed as an OR. Confidence intervals are used because a study recruits only a small sample of the overall population so by having an upper and lower confidence limit we can infer that the true populati...
P < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference between groups. P>0.05 indicates there is not a statistically significant difference between groups.
A drug company-funded double blind randomised controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of an adenosine receptor antagonist Cangrelor vs Clopidogrel in patients undergoing urgent or elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) who were followed up for specific complications for 48 hrs as outlined in the diagram below (Bhatt et al. 2009). The res...
This is a very basic introduction to interpreting odds ratios, confidence intervals and p values only and should help healthcare students begin to make sense of published research, which can initially be a daunting prospect. However it should be stressed that any results are only valid if the study was well designed and conducted, which highlights ...
Concept check 1. The correct answer is A. Concept check 2. The correct answer is B. Concept check 3. The correct answer is A. Bringing it all together – Real world example. The correct answer is C.
If your odds of winning are 2 (or 2 wins to 1 loss), that indicates you are twice as likely to win as to lose. On the other hand, if your odds of winning are 0.5 (or 1 win to 2 losses), you’re half as likely to win as to lose. As you can see, the odds of an event occurring is a ratio itself.
Jan 4, 2023 · Seems to be a lot of answers for interpreting odds ratios < 1 and > 1, but none for odds ratios > 2? If I have an odds ratio of 2.22, does this mean there is a 122% increase in the odds for a 1 unit increase in the corresponding X?
What is the Odds Ratio? An odds ratio (OR) is a measure of association between a certain property A and a second property B in a population. Specifically, it tells you how the presence or absence of property A has an effect on the presence or absence of property B.
May 22, 2023 · The odds ratio (OR) is a measure of how strongly an event is associated with exposure. The odds ratio is a ratio of two sets of odds: the odds of the event occurring in an exposed group versus the odds of the event occurring in a non-exposed group.
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2. What is the Odds Ratio? The Odds Ratio (OR) is a measure of association between an exposure and an outcome. It tells us the odds of an event happening in one group compared to another. Mathematically: $ OR = \frac{\text{Odds in Group A}}{\text{Odds in Group B}} $
