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Protein secretion and lipid biosynthesis
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- The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the starting point for protein secretion and lipid biosynthesis in eukaryotes. ER homeostasis is precisely regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) to alleviate stress, involving both transcriptional and translational regulators.
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6777540/
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Oct 18, 2024 · The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) serves important functions particularly in the synthesis, folding, modification, and transport of proteins. Differences in certain physical and functional characteristics distinguish the two types of ER, known as rough ER (RER) and smooth ER (SER).
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum, meshwork of fine tubular...
- Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
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- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Rough endoplasmic reticulum, series of connected flattened...
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Jan 18, 2023 · 1. Plant ER–PM contact sites and the cytoskeleton: a supercontinuum of cytoskeleton-ER–PM-cell wall. Plant cells are surrounded by cell walls, which play critical roles in cell morphogenesis and protect cells against physical force and external biotic stress.
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- 238, Issue2
- 18 January 2023
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Definition
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Overview
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Function
- Structure of The Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Endoplasmic Reticulum Location
- Types of Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a large organelle made of membranous sheets and tubules that begin near the nucleus and extend across the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum creates, packages, and secretes many of the products created by a cell. Ribosomes, which create proteins, line a portion of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The entire structure can account for a large proportion of the endomembrane system of the cell. For instance, in cells such as liver hepatocytes that are specialized for protein secretion and detoxification, the ER can account for more than 50% of the total lipid bilayer of the cell.Similarly, the ER membrane system is particularly prominent in pan...
The ER plays a number of roles within the cell, from protein synthesis and lipid metabolism to detoxification of the cell. Cisternae, each of the small folds of the endoplasmic reticulum, are commonly associated with lipid metabolism. This creates the plasma membrane of the cell, as well as additional endoplasmic reticulum and organelles. They also...
The endoplasmic reticulum membrane system can be morphologically divided into two structures–cisternae and sheets. Cisternae are tubular in structure and form a three-dimensional polygonal network.They are about 50 nm in diameter in mammals and 30 nm in diameter in yeast. ER sheets, on the other hand, are membrane-enclosed, two-dimensional flattene...
The endoplasmic reticulum processes most of the instructions from the nucleus. As such, the endoplasmic reticulum surrounds the nucleus and radiates outward. In cells that secrete many products for the rest of the body, the endoplasmic reticulum can account for more than 50% of the cell. In general, the nucleus expresses mRNA (messenger RNA), which...
There are two major types of ER within each cell – smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Each has distinct functions, and often, differing morphology. The SER is involved in lipid metabolism and acts as the calcium store for the cell. This is particularly important in muscle cells that need Ca2+ions for contracti...
- Gabe Buckley
Mar 15, 2019 · The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle that serves as the cell's manufacturing plant. The rough endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes proteins; the smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes lipids. The folded structure, which contains cisternae and lumen, aids the function of the organelle.
- Melissa Mayer
There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough endoplasmic reticulum (rough ER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (smooth ER). Both types are present in plant and animal cells. The two types of ER often appear as if separate, but they are sub-compartments of the same organelle.
Sep 27, 2019 · The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the starting point for protein secretion and lipid biosynthesis in eukaryotes. ER homeostasis is precisely regulated by the unfolded protein response (UPR) to alleviate stress, involving both transcriptional and translational regulators.
Apr 15, 2013 · Plants maintain a balance between protein folding demand and folding capacity. When that balance is disturbed by conditions, such as environmental stress, unfolded and misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER, causing “ER stress”, a condition, which can do damage to cells.
Research published open access with eLife Assessment and Public Reviews. Read Plant Biology research from epigenetics, genomics, metabolism to microbe interactions
