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Under occupation, Katowice was annexed by Nazi Germany and became the capital of the Gau of Upper Silesia, replacing the former capital of Opole. Under Nazi rule, many [citation needed] of the city's historical monuments were destroyed, the street names were renamed to German and the use of the Polish language was banned.
1299: First recorded settlement in Silesia, ruled by Polish Silesian Piast dynasty. 1335: Territory becomes part of Crown of Bohemia. 1526: Territory passed to Austrian Habsburg Monarchy. 1598: First documented settlement in Katowice area.
The area which would become Katowice was initially ruled by the Polish Silesian Piast dynasty until its extinction. [13] From 1327, the region was under administration of the Kingdom of Bohemia under the Holy Roman Empire. As part of the Bohemian Crown, it was passed to the Habsburg monarchy of Austria in 1526. [14]
When the city was ruled by Prussia (from 1742) the Upper Silesia and Katowice underwent an intense period of economic development. The idea to establish the city belonged to Franz Winckler, a mining entrepreneur, who in 1839 was the owner of the Katowice area.
After the defeat of Germany in WWI, and the founding of a newly independent Polish state, native Poles – inspired by the rhetoric of Wojciech Korfanty – staged three uprisings between 1919 and 1921 in a bid to have the Silesia region incorporated into the Second Polish Republic.
Poland was ruled at various times either by dukes and princes (10th to 14th centuries) or by kings (11th to 18th centuries). During the latter period, a tradition of free election of monarchs made it a uniquely electable position in Europe (16th to 18th centuries).
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The first mention of Katowice goes back to 1598 and is found in notes made by the Reverend Kazimierski who visited the Bogucice parish. However, the history of the city was marked by fates of several much earlier Slavic agricultural settlements dating from the 14th and 16th centuries as well as smithies which now make up the city quarters.
