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Vulcanization, chemical process by which the physical properties of natural or synthetic rubber are improved; finished rubber has higher tensile strength and resistance to swelling and abrasion, and is elastic over a greater range of temperatures.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Vulcanization is a critical process in the rubber industry that enhances the mechanical properties and durability of rubber materials. It is widely used to transform raw natural rubber or other polymer materials, such as synthetic rubber, into more robust and versatile products.
Vulcanization can be defined as the curing of elastomers, with the terms 'vulcanization' and 'curing' sometimes used interchangeably in this context. It works by forming cross-links between sections of the polymer chain which results in increased rigidity and durability, as well as other changes in the mechanical and electrical properties of ...
- History
- How Vulcanization Works
- Effects of Vulcanization
- Uses of Vulcanized Rubber
- References
Many plants produce latex, including the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis), bananas, milkweeds, and dandelions. Latex contains the polymerpolyisoprene, which is elastic and waterproof. Archeological studies show the Mesoamericans used rubber for balls and waterproofing textiles and containers. Charles Marie de La Condamine presented samples of Ameri...
Vulcanization hardens or cures rubber by cross-linking its polymer strands. In Goodyear’s process, heat supplies the energy to connect the carbon atoms in polyisoprene molecules by sulfur bridges. The number of sulfur atoms forming the chain between molecules influences the final properties of the vulcanized rubber. For example, short rubber crossl...
Vulcanization changes the chemical composition of rubber, so of course it alters the material’s chemical, physical, and mechanical properties. Here are some of the effects: 1. Shrinkage: Vulcanization shrinks rubber, as cross-linking draws the polymer chains closer together. 2. Irreversible: The effects of vulcanization are permanent and cannot be ...
Today, most rubber is vulcanized. Vulcanized rubber finds use in vehicle tires, shoe soles, erasers, toys, shoe soles, wet suits, hoses, and belts.
Akiba, M. (1997). “Vulcanization and crosslinking in elastomers”. Progress in Polymer Science. 22 (3): 475–521. doi:10.1016/S0079-6700(96)00015-9Engels, Hans-Wilhelm; et al. (2011) “Rubber, 9. Chemicals and Additives”. Ullman’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Wiley-VCH, Weinheim. doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_365.pub3Hosler, D.; Burkett, S.L.; Tarkanian, M.J. (1999). “Prehistoric polymers: Rubber processing in ancient Mesoamerica”. Science. 284 (5422): 1988–1991. doi:10.1126/science.284.5422.1988Mark, James E.; Erman, Burak (eds.) (2005). Science and Technology of Tubber. ISBN 0-12-464786-3.Vulcanization is a chemical process that involves the cross-linking of polymer chains in rubber using sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds, which improves the material's elasticity, strength, and durability.
This chapter is an overview of the science and technology of vulcanization. Emphasis is placed on general-purpose “high-diene” rubbers like natural rubber (NR), styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), and butadiene rubber (BR), vulcanized by sulfur in the presence of organic accelerators.
Vulcanization is a cross-linking reaction by sulfur that generates three-dimensional network structures in rubber and is the best-known process of giving rubber products greater stability. Vulcanization was discovered by Goodyear in 1839 before the development of the concept of macromolecules by H. Staudinger in the 1920s.
The NorMec machines are the most advanced and reliable machines on the market. We also produce molds and un-vulcanizing splicing film in many different materials.
