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The speed of a reaction is given by the reaction rate, a measure of how fast reactants are consumed and products are formed. The study of reaction rates is known as chemical kinetics . The central theory of kinetics is collision theory. The premise of this theory is simple: molecules have to collide to react.
Sep 1, 2020 · Figure 9.10.1: A continuous flow fast kinetic system. If the distance between the point at which the reaction is initiated and the product detector is known, then the time interval can be found from the flow rate. By varying this distance, the time required to obtain the maximum yield can then be determined.
- Overview
- Symbols in chemical equations
- Counting atoms using subscripts and coefficients
- Example 1:
- Example 2:
- Example 3:
- Try it: Counting atoms
Learn the meaning behind the symbols we use to represent chemical reactions.
•Reactants are the substances we start with. They are written on the left side of the arrow.
•Products are the substances that are created. They are written on the right side of the arrow.
•The arrow indicates that a chemical change has occurred.
•Coefficients are the larger-sized numbers that come before a chemical formula. They indicate how many separate instances of substance are present in the reaction. In the example above, two separate silver atoms (Ag) are produced (represented by "2Ag ").
•Subscripts are the smaller-sized numbers that come after an element symbol. These indicate there are multiple instances of the same element within a substance. In the example above, two silver atoms (Ag) are present in the silver sulfate compound (AgA2SOA4) .
Chemistry is a universal language used by people around the world. So, we as scientists can communicate with each other about chemistry even if we speak different languages in our day-to-day lives! All we have to do is follow consistent rules when talking about certain scientific concepts.
For example, we can describe the chemical reactions that occur in the physical world using chemical equations. These equations include symbols with specific meanings. The key features of a chemical equation are pointed out here:
•Reactants are the substances we start with. They are written on the left side of the arrow.
•Products are the substances that are created. They are written on the right side of the arrow.
•The arrow indicates that a chemical change has occurred.
•Coefficients are the larger-sized numbers that come before a chemical formula. They indicate how many separate instances of substance are present in the reaction. In the example above, two separate silver atoms (Ag) are produced (represented by "2Ag ").
It is often important to know how many atoms of each element are being shown in an equation. We can use the subscripts and coefficients in the equation to figure this out.
Let’s look at some examples:
How many oxygen atoms are represented in the formula AgNOA3 ?
•3 oxygen atoms
How many oxygen atoms are represented in the formula Mg(NOA3)A2 ?
•6 oxygen atoms
How many oxygen atoms are represented by 3Mg(NOA3)A2 ?
•18 oxygen atoms
Problem 1
How many hydrogen atoms are represented by 3CA2HA4 ?
hydrogen atoms
[Hint 1]
[Hint 2]
[Hint 3]
National 4; Rates of reaction Effervescence in chemical reactions. Chemical reactions happen at different rates. If you know how to control the speed of a reaction, you can measure its rate.
That means that that particular term disappears from the rate equation. The overall order of the reaction is found by adding up the individual orders. For example, if the reaction is first order with respect to both A and B (a = 1 and b = 1), the overall order is 2. We call this an overall second order reaction.
The rate of reaction refers to the speed at which the products are formed from the reactants in a chemical reaction. It gives some insight into the time frame under which a reaction can be completed. For example, the reaction rate of the combustion of cellulose in fire is very high and the reaction is completed in less than a second.
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