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First, the chapter briefly outlines the features of good, explanatory psychological theories built on empirical data, and the pitfalls they must avoid. Next, it presents an overview of the empirical data relevant to two main questions: implicit-explicit divergence and rationality.
The present review is a cautionary analysis of the dangers of scientific overreach, showing how, time and time again, for nearly a century, there have been great outbursts of research in psychology on a variety of biases. We also show how, in each case, many of the original and most dramatic claims proved unjustified.
System 1: Intuitive Thinking. • Unconscious, automatic, emotional, fast, effortless. System 2: Rational Thinking. • Conscious, deliberate, systematic, slow and effortful. Common Workplace Biases. Afinity bias - The tendency to gravitate toward people similar to ourselves.
Sep 26, 2012 · In statistics, bias refers to systematic error in the estimation of a value. A biased test is one that systematically overestimates or underestimates the value of the variable it is intended to assess.
- Cecil R. Reynolds, Lisa A. Suzuki
- 2012
Jun 8, 2017 · Cognitive bias refers to a systematic (that is, nonrandom and, thus, predictable) deviation from rationality in judgment or decision-making. Most traditional views on human cognition propose that...
- Fernando Blanco
Measurement bias occurs when information collected for use as a study variable is inaccurate. The incorrectly measured variable can be either a disease outcome or an exposure. Measurement bias can be further divided into random or non-random misclassification.
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As a consequence, a comprehensive, comparative evaluation of statistical methods for the detection and correction of biases under conditions that are typical for psychological research was missing until recently.
