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      • Leaf cells act as an assembly line for the production of high-energy sugar molecules from carbon dioxide, water and the absorption of sun energy.
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  2. How are cells structured? Learn about the size and function of plant and animal cells for GCSE Combined Science, AQA.

    • Plant and Animal Cells

      Cell structure - AQA Plant and animal cells. Organisms are...

    • Video

      How are cells structured? Learn about the size and function...

  3. The central vacuole is a large organelle that often fills most of the plant cell. It is filled with liquid and surrounded by a membrane called the tonoplast. Plants can alter the solute concentration in the central vacuole to influence cell structure and movement of water.

    • what does a leaf do in a plant cells membrane1
    • what does a leaf do in a plant cells membrane2
    • what does a leaf do in a plant cells membrane3
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  4. The central vacuole is a large, membrane-bound structure that fills much of the plant cell. The membrane surrounding the central vacuole is called the tonoplast . The central vacuole plays a key role in regulating the cell’s concentration of water in changing environmental conditions.

    • Epidermis
    • Palisade Mesophyll
    • Spongy Mesophyll
    • Vascular Bundle

    An epidermal leaf cell is any cell which protects the outside of the leaf. These cells are often short and flattened, much like a square pancake. They form a protective layer over the leaf. They often produce waxy substances which protect the leaf from drying out or being attacked by insects. A leaf cell in the epidermis often lacks chloroplasts, t...

    The palisade mesophyll consists of a type of leaf cell specifically designed to carry out photosynthesis. These cells are absolutely packed with chlorophyll, and simply work their hardest to pump out as much sugar as they can. This sugar they release into the intracellular space, where it works its way to the next type of leaf cell.

    Spongy mesophyll is exactly what it sounds like: a loose matrix of structural mesophyll cells. These cells are not neatly packed into rows like the palisade cells. Rather, they form networks around bundles of vascular cells, and transport materials to and from the bundles. Like palisade mesophyll leaf cells, they can photosynthesize, but they carry...

    The last type of leaf cell is not specific to the leaf, as it travels the entire length of the plant. The cells around the xylem and phloem together make the vascular bundle. These highly specialized cells allow water and minerals to flow up from the roots, while transporting the products of photosynthesis to the entire plant. Like the arteries and...

  5. WJEC. Structure of plants – WJEC Leaf structure. Plants adapt in order to efficiently collect raw materials required for photosynthesis. These raw materials must be transported...

  6. In particular, organelles called chloroplasts allow plants to capture the energy of the Sun in energy-rich molecules; cell walls allow plants to have rigid structures as varied as wood trunks...

  7. The epidermis of the undersurface produces guard cells, which swell and shrink to close and open the pores (stomata) which control the loss of water vapor (transpiration) and the entry of carbon dioxide. The internal tissues consist of the mesophyll, the photosynthetic cells of the leaf.

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