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- These implicit personality theories guide inferences that social perceivers make about other people. For example, if someone sees someone present an academic talk energetically and presumes that energy is linked to intelligence, the perceiver will likely infer that the other person is intelligent (Dunning, 1995).
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- IMPLICIT THEORIES INTELLIGENCE Flashcards - Quizlet
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- IMPLICIT THEORIES INTELLIGENCE Flashcards - Quizlet
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- History and Overview
- Structures For Implicit Personality Theory
- Measurement of Trait Relationships
- Critical Evaluation
- References
In the first major review of research on how people perceive the personalities of others, Bruner and Tagiuri (1954) introduced the term “naive, implicit personality theory” to describe the possibility that perceivers drew connections between the attributes of other people (Schneider, 1973). At the time, other psychologists such as Jones (1954), Ste...
Trait Centrality
Asch’s (1946) research into impression formation has greatly influenced implicit personality theory and methodology. One of Asch’s concerns was trait centrality. Asch found that warm-cold was a central trait in several contexts. However, he failed to elaborate on when a trait is or is not central or why central traits exist (Schneider, 1973). Two traditions emerged around these problems. The first was based on a so-called “correlational model,” and the second on a model of “trait implication....
Additive Models
Another issue from Assch’s paper was his emphasis on additive versus non-additive processing of information (Schneider, 1973). Asch opposed the idea that the impression that a person has of another is based on the addition of traits, claiming, instead, that the traits someone has would create an impression that would be different for every new set of stimuli (Asch, 1946). Newer models have found that certain variables greatly influence trait relationships, such as the occupation of the person...
Cognitive Complexity
The last issue in the structure of implicit personality theory concerns cognitive complexity. Some people assess the relationships between traits on more dimensions than others. Many researchers, such as Crockett (1965) and Schroder, Driver, and Streufert (1967) have related complexity to impression formation processes. In particular, these researchers have focused on individual differences in complexity. Researchers such as Pedersen (1965) and Walters and Jackson (1966) have found individual...
Classic personality theories often attempt to find dynamic and causal relationships between traits. The ways that researchers have done so have differed in how they assign traits to “objects,” create a so-called trait matrix, interpret trait relationships, reduce the trait matrix into a more basic matrix, and interpret the basic matrix.
Realism
Research as far back as Thorndike’s (1920) halo effect has shown that the perceived relationships that people see between traits differ significantly from empirical relationships. There has also been considerable research examining how implicit personality theory can exist independently of people’s subjective experiences. Levy and Dugan (1960), for example, used 15 traits and measured how often each was used to describe photographs. Three researchers found that people often attempted to corre...
Language and Implicit Personality Theory
Many scholars have claimed that implicit personality theories are determined by linguistics. For example, Kusinen (1969) showed that the differential ratings of trait names create a linguistic structure similar to the structure for other concepts. One of the biggest controversies around linguistic factors as a basis for implicit personality theory involves the fact that traits have both denotations and connotations. For example, as Walters and Jackson (1966) demonstrated, while some factors o...
Asch, S. E. (1961).Forming impressions of personality(pp. 237-285). University of California Press. Bruner, J. S., & Tagiuri, R. (1954). Person perception. Handbook of social psychology, 2,634-654. Bruner, J. S., Shapiro, D., & Tagiuri, R. (1958). The meaning of traits in isolation and in combination. Person perception and interpersonal behavior,27...
Jan 1, 2020 · Implicit theories (or implicit beliefs) of intelligence are deeply held perspectives about intelligence, competence, and ability that impact individuals’ motivation, engagement, and achievement. People vary in the degree to which they believe these capacities have the potential to change.
The Implicit Theory of Intelligence (Dweck & Legget, 1988), otherwise known as Mindset Theory (MT), basically states that people hold one of two mindsets about intelligence: a) an entity or fixed mindset, or b) an incremental or growth mindset. Entity theorists view intelligence as a fixed trait that is predetermined by nature.
Jul 17, 2024 · Early theories of intelligence focused on logic, problem-solving abilities, and critical thinking skills. In 1920, Edward Thorndike postulated three kinds of intelligence: social, mechanical, and abstract.
