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  1. Since ethics deals with all aspects of human behaviour and decision-making, it is a very large and complex field of study with many branches or subdivisions. The focus of this Manual is medical ethics, the branch of ethics that deals with moral issues in medical practice.

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    • 1.2 WHAT ARE ETHICS?
    • 1.3 AN INTRODUCTION TO ETHICAL THINKING
    • 1.5.1 Capacity for self-reflection
    • 1.5.2 Veracity (truthfulness)
    • 1.5.3 Privacy and confidentiality
    • 1.5.4 Fidelity/trustworthiness/integrity
    • 1.6 OTHER DESIRABLE QUALITIES
    • 1.7 MODERN CODES OF MEDICAL ETHICS

    When we speak of ethics in a modern sense, we refer to a systematic approach to how we as individuals or as a society wish to live our lives, expressed as an ‘ethos’, meaning a way of life. Ethics and ethical codes can then be seen as ‘an accumulation of values and principles that address questions of what are good or bad in human affairs. Ethics s...

    Ethics is not only a set of principles or values; ethics also has characteristic modes of reasoning and justification. Traditionally, the two major schools of ethical reasoning are the consequentialist and the deontological. When applied to medical ethical problems, these systems of reasoning can be regarded as procedures for making and justifying ...

    One of the long-standing distinguishing features of a learned profession has been said to be a capacity for self-regulation. In earlier times, this was taken to mean personal self-regulation (self-reflection). Society accepted this approach by the medical profession until the mid-nineteenth century when the registration and disciplinary processes o...

    The profession’s recognition of the move away from paternalism and towards respect for autonomy should make it clear to doctors that they have an obligation to be truthful and that patients expect doctors to tell them the truth. It would be unusual for an ‘ethical’ doctor to deliberately lie to patients, but some doctors experience difficulty in di...

    These concepts, which have both ethical and legal origins and applications, are discussed more fully in Chapter 5. The ethical concept of maintenance of confi-dentiality of information about patients was probably based in the need to earn the confidence of patients so that they would be willing to disclose all relevant personal information so that,...

    It is not possible to adhere to the basic ethical principles of autonomy, benefi-cence and non-maleficence without demonstrating fidelity (dependability), trust-worthiness or integrity, and reliability. These qualities explain why doctors cannot abandon their patients without making or allowing time for other arrangements; why doctors must never us...

    While less pivotal for the satisfactory completion of any doctor–patient interac-tion, there are two other characteristics that we believe assist most doctors in developing and maintaining effective relationships with their patients and also assist in finding means acceptable to all parties to avoid potential breaches of ethical responsibilities. T...

    Most professions have developed their own ethical codes of behaviour. These are guides to proper conduct for their members whose particular obligations to society are, because of the nature of their training and responsibilities, different from those of the community as a whole. The codes are derived from and reflect moral principles already genera...

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  2. Mar 8, 2022 · "Acclaimed authors Tom L. Beauchamp and James F. Childress thoroughly develop and advocate for four principles that lie at the core of moral reasoning in health care: respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, and justice.

  3. This book is principally concerned with health care ethics, rather than biomedical ethics. Health care ethics is the study of ethical challenges in the delivery of health care. It is wider than medical ethics, which is concerned with the ethical challenges of medical care and the profession of medicine.

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  4. Global Health Ethics Unit (Geneva) to implement its mandated work in the field of ethics and health, including: — articulating ethical and evidence-based policy options (WHO core function); — advancing ethics- and rights-based approaches to health promoted within WHO and at national and global levels; and

  5. Dec 20, 2023 · In this issue of the Journal, we are launching a new Perspective series, Fundamentals of Medical Ethics, in which we explore some key ethical questions facing medicine today, from how to make...

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  7. In this paper, I provide a brief sketch of the purposes that medical ethics serves and what makes for good medical ethics. Medical ethics can guide clinical practice and biomedical research, contribute to the education of clinicians, advance thinking in the field, and direct healthcare policy.

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