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- Skin that has four layers of cells is referred to as “thin skin.” From deep to superficial, these layers are the stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum. Most of the skin can be classified as thin skin. “Thick skin” is found only on the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet.
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What is the structure of the skin?
Sep 30, 2024 · The skin is composed of three main layers: the epidermis, the dermis, and the subcutaneous tissue (also known as the hypodermis). Each layer has a distinct structure and specific components that contribute to the overall function of the skin. Epidermis.
- Epidermis
- Dermis
- Hypodermis
The epidermis is the most superficial layer of the skin, and is largely formed by layers of keratinocytes undergoing terminal maturation. This involves increased keratin production and migration toward the external surface, a process termed cornification. There are also several non-keratinocytecells that inhabit the epidermis: 1. Melanocytes – resp...
The dermis is immediately deep to the epidermis and is tightly connected to it through a highly-corrugated dermo-epidermal junction. The dermis has only two layers, which are less clearly defined than the layers of the epidermis. They are the superficial papillary layer, and the deeper reticular layer. The reticular layer is considerably thicker, a...
The hypodermis, or subcutaneous tissue, is immediately deep to the dermis. It is a major body store of adipose tissue, and as such can vary in size between individuals depending on the amount of fatty tissue present.
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- Stratum Basale. The bottom layer of the epidermis is called the stratum basale. This layer contains one row of column-shaped keratinocytes called basal cells.
- Stratum Spinosum. The spinosum layer lies just over the stratum basale and is only about five to 10 cells thick. Cells that move into the spinosum layer (which is also known as the prickle cell or squamous cell layer) naturally morph from its initial columnar shape into a polygonal (multi-sided) one.
- Stratum Granulosum. The cells in the stratum granulosum, or granular layer, have lost their nuclei and appear as flattened cells containing dark clumps of cytoplasmic material.
- Stratum Lucidum. The stratum lucidum layer is only present in the thicker skin of the palms and soles. Its main function is to reduce friction between the stratum corneum and stratum granulosum.
Once the keratinocytes reach the skin surface, they are gradually shed and are replaced by newer cells pushed up from below. The outermost portion of the epidermis, known as the stratum corneum, is relatively waterproof and, when undamaged, prevents most bacteria, viruses, and other foreign substances from entering the body.
- Julia Benedetti
The epidermis consists of several layers beginning with the innermost (deepest) stratum basale (germinatum), followed by the stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (when present), and ending with the outermost layer, the stratum corneum.
Skin. As the body’s largest organ, skin protects against germs, regulates body temperature and enables touch (tactile) sensations. The skin’s main layers include the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis and is prone to many problems, including skin cancer, acne, wrinkles and rashes.
