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Jan 18, 2016 · A common kind of coincidence, for example, is one in which you think of a friend and that friend calls you. Your first thought might be, “What are the chances?” In the previous post, we bumped...
Aug 22, 2018 · We look at the cognitive processes through examples that people volunteer as they seem them as coincidences (often through diary studies), and then focus on looking at the chance and causal...
Dec 16, 2015 · For example, you think of a friend whom you have not thought about in years, and that friend contacts you shortly afterwards. What are the odds of these two events coinciding? The base rate...
The odds ratio is used when one of two possible events or outcomes are measured, and there is a supposed causative factor. The odds ratio is a versatile and robust statistic. For example, it can calculate the odds of an event happening given a particular treatment intervention (1).
- Mary L. McHugh
- 2009
Probability refers to the likelihood of an event occurring. It can be expressed as a number (0.5) or a percentage (50%). Statistical tests allow psychologists to work out the probability that their results could have occurred by chance, and in general psychologists use a probability level of 0.05.
To calculate the probability of an event, which here is defined as rolling a 1 on an unbiased die, we need to know two things: how many outcomes satisfy the criteria of our event (stated different, how many outcomes would count as what we are looking for) and the total number of outcomes possible.
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A p-value less than 0.05 (typically ≤ 0.05) is statistically significant. It indicates strong evidence against the null hypothesis, as there is less than a 5% probability the results have occurred by random chance rather than a real effect.
