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- Firstly, the code for a protein (a chain of amino acids in a specific order) must be copied from the genetic information contained within a cell’s DNA. This initial protein synthesis step is known as transcription.
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The mRNA specifies, in triplet code, the amino acid sequence of proteins; the code is then read by transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules in a cell structure called the ribosome.
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Protein synthesis is process in which polypeptide chains are formed from coded combinations of single amino acids inside the cell. The synthesis of new polypeptides requires a coded sequence, enzymes, and messenger, ribosomal, and transfer ribonucleic acids (RNAs). Protein synthesis takes place within the nucleus and ribosomes of a cell and is regu...
Protein synthesis steps are twofold. Firstly, the code for a protein (a chain of amino acids in a specific order) must be copied from the genetic information contained within a cell’s DNA. This initial protein synthesis step is known as transcription. Transcription produces an exact copy of a section of DNA. This copy is known as messenger RNA (mRN...
The result of protein synthesis is a chain of amino acids that have been attached, link by link, in a specific order. This chain is called a polymer or polypeptide and is constructed according to a DNA-based code. You can picture a polypeptide chain as a string of beads, with each bead playing the part of an amino acid. The order in which the beads...
In the nucleus, two strands of DNA are held together by nitrogenous bases (also called nucleobases or bases). Four bases – cytosine, guanine, adenine, and thymine – form the letters of the words in the DNA recipe book. One strand of DNA holds the original code. If the instructions of this code are carefully followed, a specific correct polypeptide ...
To make the copied stretch of code (transcription) we need enzymes called RNA polymerases. These enzymes gather free-floating messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules inside the nucleus and assemble them to form the letters of the code. Each letter of DNA code has its own key and each new letter formed by mRNA carries a lock that suits this key, a little lik...
The site of protein synthesis is twofold. Transcription (copying the code) occurs within the cell nucleus where DNA is located. Once the mRNA copy of a small section of DNA has been made it travels through the nuclear pores and into the cell cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the strand of mRNA will move towards a free ribosome or one attached to the rou...
The transcription process is the first step of protein synthesis. This step transfers genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes of the cytoplasm or rough endoplasmic reticulum. Transcription is divided into three phases: initiation, elongation and termination.
During the translation process, the small and large subunits of a ribosome close over a strand of mRNA, trapping it loosely inside. Ribosomes arrange the strand into codons or sets of three nitrogenous base letters. This is because the code for a single amino acid – the most basic form of a protein – is a three-letter nucleobase code. As ribosomes ...
Apr 21, 2024 · The process of translation, or protein synthesis, the second part of gene expression, involves the decoding by a ribosome of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product. The Genetic Code Translation of the mRNA template converts nucleotide-based genetic information into the “language” of amino acids to create a protein product.
Relate protein synthesis and its two major phases to the central dogma of molecular biology. Identify the steps of transcription, and summarize what happens during each step. Explain how mRNA is processed before it leaves the nucleus.
Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules form the core of a cell's ribosomes (the structures...
The process of translation, or protein synthesis, the second part of gene expression, involves the decoding by a ribosome of an mRNA message into a polypeptide product. The Genetic Code Translation of the mRNA template converts nucleotide-based genetic information into the “language” of amino acids to create a protein product.
The mechanism by which cells turn the DNA code into a protein product is a two-step process, with an RNA molecule as the intermediate. Figure 3.4.1 – The Genetic Code: DNA holds all of the genetic information necessary to build a cell’s proteins.
