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When quoting directly, always provide the author, year, and page number of the quotation (in both parenthetical and narrative in-text citations). Follow these guidelines when providing a page number: For a single page, use the abbreviation “p.” (e.g., p. 25, p. S41, p. e221).
This page addresses how to format short quotations and block quotations. Additional information is available about how to: include page numbers for quotations; cite quotations from material without page numbers; cite quotations that include errors; indicate changes to quotations; present quotations from research participants
Sep 19, 2024 · What is a direct quotation? A direct quotation reproduces word-for-word material taken directly from another author’s work, or from your own previously published work. If the quotation is fewer than 40 words, incorporate it into your paragraph and enclose it in double quotation marks.
Mar 3, 2015 · This post describes when and how to include page numbers in APA Style for different kinds of citations as well as how to include the appropriate location information in lieu of page numbers when page numbers are not available.
- Parenthetical vs. Narrative Citations
- Apa In-Text Citations with Multiple Authors
- No Author, Date Or Page Number
- Multiple Sources in One Parenthesis
- Avoiding Ambiguity in Apa In-Text Citations
- Citing Indirect Sources
- Citing Personal Communication
- General Mentions of Websites and Software
The in-text citation can be placed in parenthesesor naturally integrated into a sentence. 1. Parenthetical: There is a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers (Parker, 2019). 2. Narrative: Parker (2019)found a correlation between social media usage and anxiety symptoms in teenagers. The publication year appears dire...
If a work has two authors, separate their names with an ampersand (&) in a parenthetical citation or “and” in a narrative citation. If there are three or more authors, only include the first author’s last name followed by “et al.”, meaning “and others”. Group authors known by their abbreviations (e.g., CDC) are written in full the first time and ar...
No author
If the author of a source is unknown, try to determine if there is an organization or governmentresponsible for creating the content. If so, include its name in the in-text citation (and reference entry). Alternatively, use the source title in place of the author. Italicize the title if it’s italicized in the reference entry (except for court cases, which are italicized in the in-text citation but not the reference entry). Otherwise, enclose it in double quotation marks. Apply title case capi...
No publication date
If the publication date is unknown, write “n.d.” (no date) in the in-text citation.
No page number
Page numbers are only required with direct quotes in APA. If you are quoting from a work that does not have page numbers (e.g., webpages or YouTube videos), you can use an alternative locator, such as: Note that Bible citationsalways use chapter and verse numbers, even when page numbers are available:
If a statement is supported by multiple sources, the in-text citations can be combined in one parenthesis. Order the sources alphabetically, and separate them with a semicolon. When citing multiple works from the same author, list the years of publication separated by a comma.
When in-text citations are ambiguous because they correspond to multiple reference entries, apply the solutions outlined in the table below.
If you want to refer to a source that you have found in another source, you should always try to access the original or primary source. However, if you cannot find the original source, you should cite it through the secondary sourcethat led you to it, using the phrase “as cited in”. If the publication date of the primary source is unknown, include ...
Personal communications, such as phone calls, emails, and interviews, are not included in the reference list because readers can’t access them. The in-text citation is also formatted slightly differently. Include the initials and last name of the person you communicated with, the words “personal communication,” and the exact date in parentheses.
General mentions of a website or software don’t have to be cited with an in-text citation or entry in the reference list. Instead, incorporate relevant information into the running text.
Jan 22, 2024 · Home. In-Text Citations. Quotations. References Page. Quotations. For short quotations (less than 40 words), cite the source with page numbers immediately following the end of the quotation.
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Aug 19, 2024 · APA Style (7th ed.) In-Text Citation. When you use others' ideas (paraphrases) and direct quotes, you must cite your source by including: Author's last name. Publication year. (Only for direct quotes) Page number of the quote.
