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How many elementary particles are there?
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In particle physics, an elementary particle or fundamental particle is a subatomic particle that is not composed of other particles. [1] The Standard Model presently recognizes seventeen distinct particles—twelve fermions and five bosons.
When we talk about the elementary particles, the elementary constituents of the world, including the Higgs bosson, are we mainly talking about those “quanta” of QFT? Or is there an alternative view based on quantum mechanics?
- Electrons and Related Particles
- Quarks and Their Quirkiness
- Nature's Fundamental Particles
- The Elusive Higgs Boson
Electrons are the negatively charged components of atoms. While they are thought to be zero-dimensional point particles, electrons are surrounded by a cloud of other virtual particles constantly winking in and out of existence, that essentially act as part of the electron itself. Some theories have predicted that the electron has a slightly positiv...
Quarks, which make up protons and neutrons, are another type of fundamental particle. Together with the leptons, quarks make up the stuff we think of as matter. Once upon a time, scientists believed that atoms were the smallest possible objects;the word comes from the Greek "atomos," meaning "indivisible." Around the turn of the 20th century, atomi...
Then there are the four fundamental forces of nature: electromagnetism, gravity, and the strong and weak nuclear forces. Each of these has an associated fundamental particle. Photons are the most well-known; they carry the electromagnetic force. Gluons carry the strong nuclear force and reside with quarks inside of protons and neutrons. The weak fo...
Finally, there is the Higgs boson, the king of the elementary particles, which is responsible for giving all other particles their mass. Hunting for the Higgs was a major endeavor for scientists striving to complete their catalog of the Standard Model. When the Higgs was finally spotted, in 2012, physicists rejoiced, but the results have also left ...
The Higgs field was proposed in 1964 as a new kind of field that fills the entire Universe and gives mass to all elementary particles. The Higgs boson is a wave in that field. Its discovery confirms the existence of the Higgs field.
Oct 22, 2020 · The force-carrying particles (namely the photon, which conveys the electromagnetic force; the W and Z bosons, which convey the weak force; and the gluons, which convey the strong force) are put on the same footing as the matter particles those forces act between — quarks, electrons and their kin.
All matter around us is made of elementary particles, the building blocks of matter. These particles occur in two basic types called quarks and leptons. Each group consists of six particles, which are related in pairs, or “generations”.
The standard model is the name given in the 1970s to a theory of fundamental particles and how they interact. It incorporated all that was known about subatomic particles at the time and predicted the existence of additional particles as well. There are seventeen named particles in the standard model, organized into the chart shown below.
