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The Chicago Manual of Style
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5 days ago · If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the footnotes, if any (or simply omit). Example: 1. Zadie Smith, On Beauty: A Novel (Toronto: Hamish Hamilton, 2017), chap. 3, Kindle.
- Susan Marsden
- 2021
This guide provides the basic citation guidance and examples based on the Chicago Manual of Style 18th Edition.. Notes and Bibliography: - Sources are cited in numbered footnotes or endnotes. Each note corresponds to a raised (superscript) number in the text. Sources are also usually listed in a separate bibliography.
- Book
- Chapter Or Other Part of An Edited Book
- Translated Book
- Book Consulted in An Electronic Format
- Journal Article
- News Or Magazine Article
- Thesis Or Dissertation
- Web Page
- Social Media Content
- Video Or Podcast
Notes
Note that a place of publication is no longer required in book citations (see CMOS 14.30).
Bibliography entries
For more details and examples, see CMOS 13.21–26 and 14.2–62.
The page range for a chapter in a book is no longer required in bibliography entries (see CMOS 14.8). In a note, cite specific pages as applicable.
In the following examples, the author’s name follows Eastern order (family name first) rather than Western order (family name last); the author is therefore referred to as “Liu” in a shortened note, and the name is not inverted in a bibliography entry. See CMOS 13.75for more details.
To cite a book consulted online, include either a URL or the name of the database. For downloadable ebook formats, name the format; if no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the note (or simply omit). For citing a place rather than a publisher for books published before 1900 (as in the Moby-Dick ex...
Journal articles are usually cited by volume and issue number. In a note, cite specific page numbers. In the bibliography, include the page range for the whole article. For articles consulted online, include a URL (preferably one based on a DOI; see CMOS13.7); alternatively, list the name of the database.
Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in a note but are omitted from a bibliography entry. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database.
Bibliography entry
For more details and examples, see CMOS 14.113.
It is often sufficient simply to describe web pages and other website content in the text (“As of November 15, 2023, Google’s privacy policy stated . . .”). If a more formal citation is needed, it may be styled like the examples below. If a source does not list a date of publication or revision, include an access date. Alternatively, if a publicly ...
Citations of content posted to social media can usually be limited to the text (as in the first example below). A note may be added if a more formal citation is needed. In rare cases, a bibliography entry may also be appropriate. In place of a title, quote up to the first 280 characters of the post. Comments are cited in reference to the original p...
Bibliography entries
Unless it is clear from context, “video” or the like may be specified in the bibliography. For more details and examples, see CMOS 14.167–69.
The Chicago Manual of Style (17th edition) contains guidelines for two styles of citation: notes and bibliography and author-date. Notes and bibliography is the most common type of Chicago style citation, and the main focus of this article. It is widely used in the humanities.
t. e. The Chicago Manual of Style (abbreviated as CMOS, TCM, or CMS, or sometimes as Chicago[1]) is a style guide for American English published since 1906 by the University of Chicago Press. Its 18 editions (the most recent in 2024) have prescribed writing and citation styles widely used in publishing. [2]
Chicago Style requires a list of sources in the form of a bibliography. The information on this list allows writers to credit sources and readers to find, evaluate, and make further use of those sources.
