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2. The zeroth law of Thermodynamics 2.1 Thermodynamical systems Before we embark on deriving the laws of thermodynamics, it is necessary to define the main vocabulary we will be using throughout these lectures. Definition 2.1.1 — ‘Thermodynamical system’ (or ‘system’). Whatever “macroscopic” part of the Universe we select for study.
9.12: Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics- Disorder and the Unavailability of Energy; 9.13: Statistical Interpretation of Entropy and the Second Law of Thermodynamics- The Underlying Explanation; Problems & Exercises. 9.1: Temperature; 9.2: The Ideal Gas Law; 9.10: Carnot’s Perfect Heat Engine- The Second Law of Thermodynamics Restated
2. The zeroth law of Thermodynamics 2.1 Thermodynamical systems Before we embark on deriving the laws of thermodynamics, it is necessary to define the main vocabulary we will be using throughout these lectures. Definition 2.1.1 — ‘Thermodynamical system’ (or ‘system’). Whatever “macroscopic” part of the Universe we select for study.
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1.9 The combined first and second law. Exercise 1 1.11 Characteristic state functions. Exercises 1 and 2 1.12 Entropy. Exercise 1 1.1 External state variables Exercise 1.1.1 A system consists of two subsystems with the values U 1, V 1, P 1 and U 2, V 2, P 2, where U is the internal energy. U and V are both extensive quantities. The law of ...
into doing work. This statement of energy conservation is the first law of thermodynamics, which is defined more formally below. Related End-of-Chapter Exercises: 1 and 13. The first law of thermodynamics is a statement of energy conservation as it relates to a thermodynamic system. Heat, which is energy transferred into or out of a system, can be
Answer is (C). 7. Steam enters a turbine with a velocity of 40 m/s and an enthalpy of 3433.8 kJ/kg. At the outlet, 2 meters lower than the inlet, the velocity is 162 m/s, and the enthalpy is 2675.5 kJ/kg. A heat loss of 1 kJ/kg is experienced from the turbine casing. The work output per unit mass is closest to. 650 kJ/kg.
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Chapter 3 The First Law 3.1 Assume you have a metal spring that obeys Hooke’s law: F D c.l l0/, where F is the force exerted on the spring of length l, l0 is the length of the unstressed spring, and c is the spring constant. Find an expression for the work done on the spring when you reversibly compress it from length l0 to a shorter length l0.