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Oct 2, 2015 · The laws of thermodynamics describe the relationship between matter and energy and how they relate to temperature and entropy. Many texts list the three laws of thermodynamics, but really there are four laws (although the 4th law is called the zeroeth law). Here’s a list of the laws of thermodynamics and a quick summary of what each law means.
This is a device that uses work to transfer heat from a low temperature reservoir to a high temperature one. ⌅ Example 5.2 In a household refrigerator, work is done by an electrical compressor which transfers heat from the food storage compartment (cold reservoir) to the kitchen (hot reservoir). ⌅.
- Automobile Engine. When you drive a car, the process begins at the fuel pump, where you fill the gas tank with gasoline. Gasoline is a chemical fuel that contains a substantial amount of potential energy stored in the form of chemical bonds between its atoms.
- Human Metabolism. Human metabolism is a complex and intricate process governed by the first law of thermodynamics. When you consume food, your body extracts the chemical energy stored in the macronutrients, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
- Refrigeration. Refrigeration is a practical application of the first law of thermodynamics, showcasing how energy can be effectively transferred from one location to another to achieve a specific goal.
- Electric Power Plant. Electric power plants play a crucial role in supplying the energy required to power our homes, industries, and modern society at large.
The first law of thermodynamics is a version of the law of conservation of energy, specialized for thermodynamical systems. In equation form, the first law of thermodynamics is ΔU = Q − W. Heat engines are a good example of the application of the 1st law; heat transfer into them takes place so that they can do work.
where P is the pressure of a gas, V is the volume it occupies, N is the number of particles (atoms or molecules) in the gas, and T is its absolute temperature.The constant k is called the Boltzmann constant and has the value k = 1.38 × 10 −23 J/K, k = 1.38 × 10 −23 J/K, For the purposes of this chapter, we will not go into calculations using the ideal gas law.
The first law of thermodynamics is a formulation of the law of conservation of energy in the context of thermodynamic processes. The law distinguishes two principal forms of energy transfer, heat and thermodynamic work, that modify a thermodynamic system containing a constant amount of matter. The law also defines the internal energy of a ...
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Aug 10, 2022 · Some examples of energy transformations are shown in Figure 15.4.1 15.4. 1. The challenge for all living organisms is to obtain energy from their surroundings in forms that they can transfer or transform into usable energy to do work. Living cells have evolved to meet this challenge very well.
