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Rules of Syntax Cheat Sheet. All Syntactic Patterns. In total, there are 7 syntactic patterns, but all must contain at least a subject (S) and a verb (V). Other elements include a direct object (O), indirect object (IO), complement (C), and adverbial (A). 1. S + V: Alicia laughed. 2. S + V + O: Alicia caught the ball. 3. S + V + C: Alicia is happy.
Some Notes and Practice Problems on Syntactic Tree Structures 1. Some Notes on Drawing Syntactic Trees In any ‘Introduction to Linguistics’ course, there comes a time when you are asked to use Phrase Structure (PS) rules to draw syntactic trees for various sentences of English. In this class, our PS rules for English currently look as follows:
- 1.1 Funglish
- (1.3) Abrandi JuanseP kaf ́e aPbe wˇzin
- (B) tomoaw qo-tao do-vahay
- 1.13 English
- 1.14 Expletives
- (1.69) ch-ach wayi
- 1.29 Sinhala binding
- 1.41 The Way Construction
The purpose of this task is to review the notions complement, specifier and adjunct. Imagine a make-belive language called Funglish. Assume X′-theory as usual for this task: each head should project an X′-category and an XP category. Specifiers are not obligatory. Funglish has all its specifiers and adjuncts on the right and all its complements on ...
Abran.topicalizer Juan.locative coffee deliver auxiliary ‘Abran delivered coffee to Juan.’
go.out man house ‘The man is going out of the house.’ (C) mangamoqmo qo-tao so-motdeh no-boday do-vahay frighten man child snake house ‘The man is frightening a child with a snake in the house.’ Draw the phrase structure tree for the Ivatan sentence in (A). [2 points] Think about what the trees for the Ivatan examples in (B-C) would look like (you ...
Part I: Phrase Structure Trees Draw the phrase structure trees for the sentences in (a–e) below. The point of this exercise is to review constituency and syntactic categories. You may draw the trees the way you did in Ling 201 last year, or you can draw them the way Haegeman does (there are more similarities than differences). Please use IP and CP ...
Identify the expletive subjects in the examples below. Note: only some of the examples contain expletive subjects. Is it true that Anya is really old? There are the shoes he was looking for. There came three sailors to town. The statues were over there before. You need to get over it. It’s already too late to rescue them. It is blue. She saw it bef...
‘you sleep’ The morpheme ch- is an aspect marker. You can treat it as an auxiliary. List all the morphemes that appear in the Jacaltec examples above together with their English translations. Give a full explanation of how Jacaltec marks subjects and objects.
This task contains an interesting puzzle. You do not need to solve the puzzle, you only need to answer questions (a), (b), and (c). The task concerns the word tamanw ̊a, which is a reflexive pronoun. In other words, it is an anaphor and so it needs an antecedent. The reflexive tamanw ̊a is gender-neutral; i.e., it can refer to males or females.
Sentence (a) is an example of the English way construction: Santa elbowed his way through the crowd. The way construction has the structure: [NPi V [POSSi way PP]], and its meaning involve directed motion. This construction is rather productive, but not all verbs can appear in it. Consider the examples in (1–9), some of which are grammatical and so...
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More on the structure of NOM 149 Post-modifiers 150 Prepositional Phrases 150 More on Adjective Phrases 154 Modification of pronouns 155 Discussion of in-text exercises 157 Exercises 160 Discussion of exercises 161 Further exercises 163 Appendix: NOM and the pro-form one 165 Answers to exercise 169 Further exercise 170 8 Sentences within ...
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This collection of free worksheets can help students understand the rules and patterns that govern the structure of sentences in English grammar. Syntax refers to the way words are ordered and combined to form sentences.
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What the Syntax Rules Do. The rules of syntax combine words into phrases and phrases into sentences. They specify the correct word order for a language. For example, English is a Subject-Verb-Object (SVO) language. The President nominated a new Supreme Court justice.
