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Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like Culture Bias, Ethnocentrism definition - Ao1, Ethnocentrism AO2 - Strange situation and others.
Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like Define Cultural Bias, Alpha bias in terms of culture, Beta bias in terms of culture and others.
Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like culture, psychological universals, most research comes from WEIRD countries and more.
- Procedure
- Findings
- Conclusion
- Strengths
- Limitations
- References
This was a meta-analysis of existing Strange Situation studies rather than an original experiment. The procedure was to aggregate and statistically analyze the published attachment classification frequencies from qualifying samples.
It was found that secure attachment was the most common type of attachment in all cultures. The lowest percentage of secure attachments was shown in China, and the highest in Great Britain. Results showed that individualistic countries that support independence such as Germany had high levels of anxious-avoidant, whereas countries that are more cul...
The overall consistency in secure attachment types leads to the conclusion that there may be universal (innate) characteristics that underpin infant and caregiver interactions. However, the significant variations of insecure attachments demonstrate that universality is limited. Implications include the linking of the variation in attachment to chil...
Aggregating data from 32 samples in 8 countries for a more robust cross-cultural comparisonUsing appropriate categorical data analysis methods like standardized residuals, chi-square tests, and correspondence analysisQuantifying the relative degrees of intracultural and cross-cultural variationGraphically depicting the similarities and differences among samplesEthnocentric Bias
The Strange Situation test assumes that behavior has the same meaning in all cultures when, in fact, cultural perception and understanding of behavior differ greatly. The Strange Situation was created and tested in the USA, which means that it may be culturally biased (ethnocentric), as it will reflect the norms and values of American culture. For example, the belief that attachment is related to anxiety on separation. This may not be the case in other cultures, e.g., Japan.
Biased Samples
Many studies have biased samples that cannot be claimed to be representative of each culture, e.g., 36 infants in the Chinese study. Also, most of the studies analyzed were from Western cultures. Lack of data from South America, Africa, and other less developed regions restricts the global generalizability of the findings.
Distributions can vary widely within a country. Caution is needed in assuming an individual sample represents a (sub)culture.
The finding that differences within cultures are as large as or larger than differences between cultures is highly significant for interpreting cross-cultural research on attachment. Researchers can no longer assume individual samples are representative of entire cultures or that cultures are homogeneous in their attachment patterns. Differences from the U.S. “standard” are not necessarily evidence of cross-cultural invalidity of attachment theory and methods. While there are trends for Weste...
Ainsworth, M. D. S., & Bell, S. M. (1970). Attachment, exploration, and separation: Illustrated by the behavior of one-year-olds in a strange situation. Child development, 49-67. Grossmann, K., Grossmann, K. E., Spangler, G., Suess, G., & Unzner, L. (1985). Maternal sensitivity and newborns” orientation responses as related to quality of attachment...
In psychology, culture refers to a set of ideas and beliefs which give people sense of shared history and can guide our behavior within society. Culture manifests itself in our language, art, daily routines, religion and sense of morality, among other forms, and is passed down from generation to generation.
Oct 8, 2024 · Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Textbook definition of culture, Challenges to defining culture, General vs Cultural Psychology and more.
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Findings from the Strange Situation procedure reflects cultural values and practices rather than identifying the ‘right’ kind of attachment. Rogoff (2003) found that because black American infants are encouraged to be friendly to strangers, the Strange Situation procedure activates their instincts to explore.
