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A gene is composed of DNA that is “read” or transcribed to produce an RNA molecule during the process of transcription. One major type of RNA molecule, called messenger RNA (mRNA), provides the information for the ribosome to catalyze protein synthesis in a process called translation.
Jul 26, 2005 · To ensure high selectivity, the macromolecular machines that carry out replication, transcription and translation — DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase and the ribosome, respectively — have evolved specific substrate recognition strategies.
- Luisa Cochella, Rachel Green
- 2005
Jun 22, 2021 · Replication of a cell’s DNA occurs before a cell prepares to undergo division—either mitosis or meiosis I. It takes place in three(ish) steps. DNA unwinds from the histones. An enzyme called DNA helicase opens up the helix structure on a segment of DNA, breaking the bonds between the nitrogenous bases.
First, DNA is transcribed into a messenger RNA (mRNA) by the multisubunit enzyme RNA polymerase (RNAP). Second, the mRNA directs protein synthesis, when the ribosome translates its nucleotide sequence to amino acids using the genetic code.
DNA replication takes place at a Y-shaped structure called a replication fork. A self-correcting DNA polymerase enzyme catalyzes nucleotide polymerization in a 5′-to-3′ direction, copying a DNA template strand with remarkable fidelity.
- Bruce Alberts, Alexander Johnson, Julian Lewis, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter Walter
- 2002
- 2002
A. Recall bacterial chromosome: singular, circular double stranded DNA in cytoplasm. B. DNA replication begins at specific site “ori” = origin of replication. C. DNA replication proceeds bidirectionally from ori, with formation of replication bubble and 2 replication forks.
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Nucleotide sequence information is transcribed from DNA to RNA, and then, this information is translated into protein or polypeptide. DNA and RNA molecules are linear connection of four kinds of nucleotides, while protein molecules are linear connection of 20 kinds of amino acids.
