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The language spoken in Sicily under Arab rule was Siculo-Arabic and Arabic influence is present in some Sicilian words today. Although long extinct in Sicily, the language has developed into what is now the Maltese language on the islands of Malta today.
- Sicilian language - Wikipedia
Sicilian (Sicilian: sicilianu, Sicilian: [sɪ (t)ʃɪˈljaːnu];...
- Sicilian language - Simple English Wikipedia, the free ...
The Sicilian language (lu sicilianu) is a language spoken in...
- Sicily - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sicily is the biggest region in the nation of Italy....
- Sicilian language - Wikipedia
Sicily is the biggest region in the nation of Italy. Phoenician and Greek people colonized the island in the 8th Century BC and sometimes fought wars there. Carthage controlled most of the island until Ancient Rome conquered it.
Sicilian (Sicilian: sicilianu, Sicilian: [sɪ (t)ʃɪˈljaːnu]; Italian: siciliano) is a Romance language that is spoken on the island of Sicily and its satellite islands. [3] It belongs to the broader Extreme Southern Italian language group (in Italian italiano meridionale estremo).
- Prehistory
- Classical Age
- Early Middle Ages
- High Middle Ages
- Late Middle Ages
- Spanish Period
- Bourbon Period
- Modern Era
- Further Reading
- External Links
The indigenous peoples of Sicily, long absorbed into the population, were tribes known to ancient Greek writers as the Elymians, the Sicanians and the Sicels (from whom the island derives its name). Of these, the last was the latest to arrive and was related to other Italic peoples of southern Italy, such as the Italoi of Calabria, the Oenotrians, ...
Greek period
Sicily began to be colonised by Greeks in the 8th century BC. Initially, this was restricted to the eastern and southern parts of the island. The most important colony was established at Syracuse in 734 BC. Other important Greek colonies were Naxos, Gela, Akragas, Selinunte, Himera, Kamarina and Zancle or Messene (modern-day Messina). These city-states became an important part of classical Greek civilisation; both Empedocles and Archimedeswere from Sicily. As the Greek and Phoenician communit...
Punic Wars
The constant warfare between Carthage and the Greek city-states eventually opened the door to an emerging third power. In the 3rd century BC, the Messanan Crisis motivated the intervention of the Roman Republic into Sicilian affairs, and led to the First Punic War between Rome and Carthage. The Carthaginians sent forces to Hiero II, the military leader of the Greek city-states. The Romans fought for the Mamertines of Messina and, Rome and Carthage declared war on each other for the control of...
Roman Period
The success of the Carthaginians in Italy during the Second Punic War encouraged many of the Sicilian cities to revolt against Roman rule in 215 BC. Rome sent troops to put down the rebellions in 213 BC (during the siege of Syracuse Archimedes was killed). Carthage briefly took control of parts of Sicily, but in the end was driven off. Many Carthaginian sympathisers were killed and in 210 BC the Roman consul M. Valeriustold the Roman Senate that "no Carthaginian remains in Sicily". For the ne...
Germanic and Byzantine period
A tribe of Franks conquered Syracuse in 280 AD.[citation needed] In 440 AD the Vandals under their king Genserictook Sicily after crossing over from Africa. The Vandal attempt of 440 failed but another in 469 succeeded and they ruled the whole island for 7 years, J.B. Bury, History of the Later Roman Empire, 1958 edition, pp. 254, 327. In 476 Odoacer gained most of Sicily for the payment of tribute to the Vandals.In 491 Theodoric gained control over the entire island after repulsing a Vandal...
Muslim period
In 826, Euphemius, the commander of the Byzantine fleet of Sicily, forced a nun to marry him. Emperor Michael II caught wind of the matter and ordered that general Constantine[clarification needed] end the marriage and cut off Euphemius' nose. Euphemius rose up, killed Constantine and then occupied Syracuse; he in turn was defeated and driven out to North Africa. There, Euphemius requested the help of Ziyadat Allah, the Aghlabid Emir of Tunisia, in regaining the island; an Islamic army of Ara...
Viking Age
In 860, according to an account by the Norman monk Dudo of Saint-Quentin, a Viking fleet, probably under Björn Ironside and Hastein, landed in Sicily, conquering it. Many Norsemen fought as mercenaries in Southern Italy, including the Varangian Guard led by Harald Hardrada, who later became king of Norway, who conquered Sicily between 1038 and 1040, with the help of Norman mercenaries, under William de Hauteville, who won his nickname Iron Arm by defeating the emir of Syracuse in single comba...
Norman period
The most significant changes that the Normans were to bring to Sicily were in the areas of religion, language and population. Almost from the moment that Roger I controlled much of the island, immigration was encouraged from Northern Europe, France, England, Northern Italy and Campania. For the most part, these consisted of Lombards of the Kingdom of Italy, who were Vulgar Latinvariety-speaking and more inclined to support the Western church. With time, Sicily would become overwhelmingly Roma...
Hohenstaufen reign
Tancred died in 1194, just as Henry VI and Constance were travelling down the Italian peninsula to claim their crown. Henry rode into Palermo at the head of a large army unopposed and thus ended the Siculo-Norman Hauteville dynasty, replaced by the south German (Swabian) Hohenstaufen. Just as Henry VI was being crowned as King of Sicily in Palermo, Constance gave birth to Frederick II(sometimes referred to as Frederick I of Sicily). Frederick was raised in Palermo and, like his grandfather Ro...
Angevins and the Sicilian Vespers
Throughout Frederick's reign, there had been substantial antagonism between the Kingdom and the Papacy, which was part of the wider Guelph Ghibellineconflict. This antagonism was transferred to the Hohenstaufen house, and ultimately against Manfred. In 1266, Charles I, duke of Anjou, with the support of the Church, led an army against the Kingdom. They fought at Benevento, just to the north of the Kingdom's border. Manfred was killed in battle and Charles was crowned King of Sicily by Pope Cl...
Aragonese period
Peter III's son, Frederick III of Sicily(also known as Frederick II of Sicily) reigned from 1298 to 1337. For the whole of the 14th century, Sicily was essentially an independent kingdom, ruled by relatives of the kings of Aragon, but for all intents and purposes they were Sicilian kings. The Sicilian parliament, already in existence for a century, continued to function with wide powers and responsibilities. During this period, a sense of a Sicilian people and nation emerged, that is to say,...
With the union of the crowns of Castile and Aragon in 1479, Sicily was ruled directly by the kings of Spainvia governors and viceroys. In the ensuing centuries, authority on the island was to become concentrated among a small number of local barons. The viceroy had to overcome the distance and poor communication with the royal court in Madrid. It p...
British occupation and British protectorate
The Bourbon kings officially resided in Naples, except for a brief period during the Napoleonic Wars between 1806 and 1815, when the royal family lived in exile in Palermo.[citation needed] The Sicilian nobles welcomed British military intervention during this period and a new constitution was developed specifically for Sicily based on the Westminster model of government, in that a two-chamber parliament was formed (instead of the three of the existing one). The formation of the parliament br...
Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
The Kingdoms of Naples and Sicily were officially merged in 1816 by Ferdinand I to form the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies. The accession of Ferdinand IIas king of the Two Sicilies in 1830 was hailed by Sicilians; they dreamed that autonomy would be returned to the island and the problems of poverty and maladministration of justice would be tackled by the count of Syracuse, the king's brother and lieutenant in Sicily. The royal government in Naples saw the problem of Sicily as being purely admin...
Unification of Italy period
Sicily was merged with Kingdom of Sardinia in 1860 following the expedition of Giuseppe Garibaldi's Mille; after the Dictatorship of Garibaldi the annexation was ratified by a popular plebiscite. The Kingdom of Sardinia became in 1861 the Kingdom of Italy, in the context of the Italian Risorgimento. However, local elites across the island systematically opposed and nullified efforts of the national government to modernize the traditional economy and political system. For example, they frustra...
Early 20th century and Fascist period
The Sicilian mafia during the fascism was fought by the government of Benito Mussolini, who sent the island in 1924 the prefect Cesare Mori.These were gradually able to extend their influence across all sectors over much of the island (and many of its operatives also emigrated to other countries, particularly the United States). After Mussolini came to power in the 1920s, he launched a fierce crackdown on organized crime, but they recovered quickly following the Allied invasion of Sicily in J...
Post-war period
Following some political agitation of the Sicilian Independence Movement, Sicily became an autonomous region in 1946, with its own Statute, under the new Italian constitution, with its own parliament and elected president. The latifundia (large feudal agricultural estates) were abolished by sweeping land reform mandating smaller farms in 1950–1962, funded from the Cassa per il Mezzogiorno, the Italian government's development Fund for the South (1950–1984).Cosa Nostra remained a secret crimin...
Abulafia, David. The Two Italies: economic relations between the Norman kingdom of Sicily and the northern communes(Cambridge UP, 2005).Atkinson, Rick. The Day of Battle: The War in Sicily and Italy, 1943-1944(2007)Baedeker (1912), "Sicily: Historical Notice", Southern Italy and Sicily(16th ed.), Leipzig: Leipzig, Baedeker, pp. 290–303Blok Anton. The Mafia of a Sicilian Village 1860-1960: A Study of Violent Peasant Entrepreneurs(1988)Salvatore Piccolo: Bronze Age Sicily, World History Encyclopedia (2018)Salvatore Piccolo: The Dolmens of Sicily, World History Encyclopedia (2017)Salvatore Piccolo: Gela, World History Encyclopedia (2017)The Sicilian language (lu sicilianu) is a language spoken in Sicily island and central Calabria. It is spoken by the majority of the inhabitants of Sicily and by emigrants.
2 days ago · Sicily, island, southern Italy, the largest and one of the most densely populated islands in the Mediterranean Sea. Together with the Egadi, Lipari, Pelagie, and Panteleria islands, Sicily forms an autonomous region of Italy. It lies about 100 miles (160 km) northeast of Tunisia (northern Africa).
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The Sicilians (Sicilian: Siciliani), or Sicilian people, are a Romance -speaking European ethnic group who are indigenous to the island of Sicily, the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, as well as the largest and most populous of the autonomous regions of Italy.
