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Chapter Objectives. In this chapter, the reader will. • understand the characteristics of a research problem or phenomenon. • understand the characteristics of good research questions. • clarify the difference between a research problem and hypothesis. • understand the purposes of a literature review.
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Oct 1, 2018 · This module discusses the concepts and activities for identifying, specifying, and stating a research problem in both quantitative and qualitative research and positioning it within a section...
- Parlindungan Pardede
- aims
- Introduction
- What is research?
- Objectives of research
- prediction
- Values of historical research
- Aspects of historical research that determine scope
- Influence on scale of descriptive research
- Types of quantitative studies
- Classes of experiments
- Properties of evaluation research
- Feminist
- cultural
- thought
- thought
- Diagram 1.4
- Desirable characteristics of scientific knowledge
- starting your own research
- Finding and defining a research problem
- Features of a suitable research problem
- Common mistakes when choosing a research problem
- How to focus on a research problem
- Initial literature review and defining the problem area
- research problem definition
- Questions used to define sub-problems
- Purposes of a literature review
- a study of Group-living accommodation for Young Physically disabled People
- thought
- Planning a research Project
- exploration
- testing out
To explain what research is, and what it is not, and the objectives of research To outline the different types of research To discuss the research process To introduce the concept at the heart of any research project – the research problem – and to discuss what a researchable problem is To warn of common mistakes To describe how to choose your rese...
research problem The shortest way of describing the contents of this chapter is to say that it provides a starting point for your research efforts. It introduces the concept of research as understood in the academic world, and contrasts it to the loose way the word ‘research’ is used in everyday speech. However, even in the academic world, the natu...
‘Research’ is a term loosely used in everyday speech to describe a multitude of activities, such as collecting masses of information, delving into esoteric theories, and producing wonderful new products. It is important that a student or practitioner embarking on a programme of academic or practical research has a clear idea of what the word ‘resea...
Categorization Explanation Prediction Creating a sense of understanding Providing potential for control Evaluation Categorization involves forming a typology of objects, events or concepts. This can categorization be useful in explaining what ‘things’ belong together and how. One of the main problems is to decide on the most useful methods of categ...
sense of understanding control evaluation On the basis of an explanation of a phenomenon it is often possible to make a prediction of future events related to it. In the natural sciences these predictions are often made in the form of abstract statements, for example given C 1, C 2, ... , Cn, if X, then Y. More readily understood are predictions m...
It enables solutions to contemporary problems to be sought in the past. It throws light on present and future trends. It stresses the relative importance and the effects of the interactions that are found within all cultures. It allows for the revaluation of data supporting selected hypotheses, theories and generalizations that are presently held a...
Where the events took place. Which people were involved. When the events occurred. What kind of human activity was involved. The degree to which an aspect is studied can be varied, i.e. the number of human activities examined can be increased or decreased, the time-span covered can be extended or contracted etc. It must be remembered that the mere ...
The level of complexity of the survey. The scope of the survey. For example, seeking relationships between specific events inevitably requires a more complex survey technique than aiming merely to describe the nature of exist-ing conditions. Likewise, surveying a large number of cases over a wide area will require greater resources than a small, lo...
Relational studies. Prediction studies. The first is an investigation of possible relationships between phenomena to estab-lish if a correlation exists and, if so, its extent. This exploratory form of research is carried out particularly where little or no previous work has been done, and its outcomes can form the basis for further investigations. ...
Pre-experimental. True experimental. Quasi-experimental. Correlation and ex post facto. Pre-experimental designs are unreliable and primitive experimental methods in which assumptions are made despite the lack of essential control of variables. An reliability example of this is the supposition that, faced with the same stimulus, all samples will be...
The evaluation outcomes are not intended to represent ‘the way things really are, or how they work’, but present the meaningful constructions which the individual actors or groups of actors create in order to make sense of the situa-tions in which they find themselves. In representing these constructions, it is recognized that they are shaped to a ...
Feminist research is a particular model of social research which involves theory and analysis that highlight the differences between men’s and women’s lives. It claims that researchers who ignore these differences have invalid knowledge, as non-feminist paradigms usually ignore the partiality of researchers’ ideas about the social world. Value neut...
postmodernism, post-structuralism order Many of the prevailing theoretical debates (e.g. postmodernism, post-structuralism) are concerned with the subjects of language and cultural interpretation, with the result that these issues have frequently become central to sociological studies. The need has therefore arisen for methodologies that allow anal...
Space does not allow the description of other types of research. Different disci-plines, such as philosophy, theology and metaphysics, have types of research which are specifically suited to their purposes, but are beyond the scope of this book. It is important to point out that the above types of research are not generally mutually exclusive in a ...
Review your subject area to find problem area Study theoretical background Investigate problem area to define a research problem Write proposal to explain the research project and its timing Investigate relevant research methods Gain approval to continue Examine ethical issues Disseminate results. Indicate areas that need further research Carry out...
Describe why and how research methods used The research process Write up background to research Carry out more background research to refine research problem
Abstractness Intersubjectivity (meaning) Intersubjectivity (logical rigour) Empirical relevance The common thread between these is that the findings should be relevant to a wider sphere than the specific cases in your research, and that they should be based on a research process that is both accessible to and understandable by others. It is worth c...
The common element in student academic research at every level, from under-graduate to doctorate, is that they are, some more than others, exercises in the doing of research. The student will have to demonstrate knowledge of research theory and methods and the ability to apply these in an appropriate and successful manner relevant to the chosen top...
It should be evident from what you have read so far that in order to carry out research, you need to start by identifying a question that demands an answer, or a need that requires a resolution, or a riddle that seeks a solution, which can be devel-oped into a research problem: the heart of the research project. Students starting their research deg...
It should be of great interest to you. You will have to spend many months investigating the problem. A lively interest in the subject will be an invaluable incentive to persevere. The problem should be significant. It is not worth time and effort investigating a trivial problem or repeating work that has already been done elsewhere. The problem sho...
Making the choice of a problem an excuse to fill in gaps in your own knowl-edge. We all welcome the chance to learn more for ourselves, but the point of research is not just personal enlightenment, but making a contribution to public knowledge. Anyone can find a problem that involves the gathering and duplication of information, but it requires an ...
Find an interest in a broad subject area (problem area). Narrow the interest to a plausible topic. Question the topic from several points of view. Define a rationale for your project. Initially, it is useful to define no more than a problem area, rather than a specific problem area research problem, within the general body of knowledge that interes...
The objective of the initial review of the literature is to discover relevant material published in the chosen field of study and to search for a suitable problem area. Fox (1969) mentions two kinds of literature that should be reviewed. The first is ‘conceptual literature’. This is written by authorities on the subject you have in mind, giving opi...
From the interest in the wider issues of the chosen subject, and after the selection of a problem area, the next step is to define the problem more closely so that it becomes a specific research problem, with all the characteristics already discussed. This stage research problem requires an enquiring mind, an eye for inconsistencies and inadequacie...
What are the parts of your topic and what larger whole is it a part of? What is its history and what larger history is it a part of? What kind of categories can you find in it, and to what larger categories of things does it belong? What good is it? What can you use it for?
To summarize the results of previous research to form a foundation on which to build your own research. To collect ideas on how to gather data. To investigate methods of data analysis. To study instrumentation that has been used. To assess the success of the various research designs of the studies already undertaken. full introduction to the techni...
A common feature of such research is that it makes generalizations from specific instances. But how far are the generalizations valid? Testing out research explores the validity of the generalizations in other circumstances, and tries to define their limits. This basic scientific activity leads to the refinement of theories. There are a host of opp...
A common feature of such research is that it makes generalizations from specific instances. But how far are the generalizations valid? Testing out research explores the validity of the generalizations in other circumstances, and tries to define their limits. This basic scientific activity leads to the refinement of theories. There are a host of opp...
A common feature of such research is that it makes generalizations from specific instances. But how far are the generalizations valid? Testing out research explores the validity of the generalizations in other circumstances, and tries to define their limits. This basic scientific activity leads to the refinement of theories. There are a host of opp...
A common feature of such research is that it makes generalizations from specific instances. But how far are the generalizations valid? Testing out research explores the validity of the generalizations in other circumstances, and tries to define their limits. This basic scientific activity leads to the refinement of theories. There are a host of opp...
A common feature of such research is that it makes generalizations from specific instances. But how far are the generalizations valid? Testing out research explores the validity of the generalizations in other circumstances, and tries to define their limits. This basic scientific activity leads to the refinement of theories. There are a host of opp...
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Nov 30, 2023 · Abstract. The formulation of research problems is a cornerstone of reflective thinking in scientific inquiry. This process transforms issues into clear questions, laying the groundwork for...
In your literature review, you are ethically bound to read your sources completely and critically and to include only those studies that reflect a scientific approach to inquiry. In addition, you are ethically bound to present divergent perspectives on your topic should you discover such divergence. The following guidelines reflect one
Mar 31, 2019 · This eBook will help you address the following questions: “What is my research topic?”; “How can I come up with a researchable problem?”; “How do I know it is a valuable research problem ...
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Oct 24, 2024 · Effectively reading scholarly research is an acquired skill that involves attention to detail and an ability to comprehend complex ideas, data, and theoretical concepts in a way that applies logically to the research problem you are investigating. Here are some specific reading strategies to consider.
