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The Bible recognizes the significance of metalworking, noting that Tubal-cain was a craftsman of copper and iron (Gen. 4:22), one of only three early professions singled out in Genesis 4 (herdsman, musician, metalworker). The Bible also appreciates the value and importance of having ore deposits.
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The Bible mentions the tunneling method of mining (Job 28:1-7). Howev-er, where possible, extracting ore from surface veins was most desirable. Scripture also refers to smelting metal in the furnace (Deut. 4:20; Isa. 48:10; cf. Dan. 3:19-20). Solomon set up foundries in the Jordan Valley (I Kg. 7:46).
The metal lead (Pb) is relatively easy to extract from its ores. Signs of its mining have been found dating as far back as 6400 BCE in Anatolia, part of modern Turkey. Lead is usually found in ores together with zinc, silver, and copper. Metallic lead was produced by heat treating the ore in furnaces. 1
The chapter touches upon the process of mining, and the miner’s life, mentioning four of the six metals which are named in scripture. These metals are silver, gold, iron and copper (“brass,” A.V.). The other two metals mentioned elsewhere in the Bible are lead and tin.
But also has another meaning in the Bible. In Job 28, a chapter extensively dealing with mining and smelting, the masculine form, Iron is taken out of the ore ( ), and copper is molten out of the stone (Job 28,2). The same meaning is menit has ore ( ) of gold (Job 28,6).
Jan 4, 2022 · Intense heat causes the dross to separate from the ore and rise to the top where it forms a scum and can be extracted, leaving a pure metal base. Dross can also refer to the impure base metal itself that exists before the smelting process begins. In the Bible, dross symbolizes impurity.
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The art of working metals, comprehending the whole process of separating them from other matters in the ore, smelting, refining, and parting them; sometimes, in a narrower sense, only the process of extracting metals from their ores. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia. METALLURGY.