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Martin Luther King, Jr. Selma. Early in 1965 Lyndon Johnson believed Southern states needed time to absorb the Civil Rights Act of 1964, with its comprehensive ban on segregation, before any further action could be taken. King, however, believed a second bill was necessary to secure voting rights for African Americans.
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It was an established church of well-educated middle-class...
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September 17, 1958: ·King's first book, Stride Toward...
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President Lyndon Johnson signed into law the Civil Rights...
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After the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act...
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The major civil rights organizations–CORE, SNCC, and the...
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- State Troopers Fatally Shoot Black Demonstrator in Marion
- Demonstrators Reach Edmund Pettus Bridge
- HISTORY Vault: Voices of Civil Rights
The assault on civil rights marchers in Selma, Alabama helped lead to the Voting Rights Act.
Nearly a century after the Confederacy’s guns fell silent, the racial legacies of slavery and Reconstruction continued to reverberate loudly throughout Alabama in 1965.
On March 7, 1965, when then-25-year-old activist John Lewis led over 600 marchers across the Edmund Pettus Bridge in Selma, Alabama and faced brutal attacks by oncoming state troopers, footage of the violence collectively shocked the nation and galvanized the fight against racial injustice.
March from Selma to Montgomery
The passage of the landmark Civil Rights Act of 1964 months earlier had done little in some parts of the state to ensure African Americans of the basic right to vote. Perhaps no place was Jim Crow’s grip tighter than in Dallas County, Alabama, where African Americans made up more than half of the population, yet accounted for just 2 percent of registered voters.
For months, the efforts of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) to register Black voters in the county seat of Selma had been thwarted. In January 1965, Martin Luther King Jr., came to the city and gave the backing of the Southern Christian Leadership Council (SCLC) to the cause. Peaceful demonstrations in Selma and surrounding communities resulted in the arrests of thousands, including King, who wrote to the New York Times, “This is Selma, Alabama. There are more negroes in jail with me than there are on the voting rolls.”
The rising racial tensions finally bubbled over into bloodshed in the nearby town of Marion on February 18, 1965, when state troopers clubbed protestors and fatally shot 26-year-old Jimmie Lee Jackson, an African American demonstrator trying to protect his mother, who was being struck by police.
In response, civil rights leaders planned to take their cause directly to Alabama Governor George Wallace on a 54-mile march from Selma to the state capital of Montgomery. Although Wallace ordered state troopers “to use whatever measures are necessary to prevent a march,” approximately 600 voting rights advocates set out from the Brown Chapel AME Church on Sunday, March 7.
The demonstrators marched undisturbed through downtown Selma, where the ghosts of the past constantly permeated the present. As they began to cross the steel-arched bridge spanning the Alabama River, the marchers who gazed up could see the name of a Confederate general and reputed grand dragon of the Alabama Ku Klux Klan, Edmund Pettus, staring right back at them in big block letters emblazoned across the bridge’s crossbeam.
Once Lewis and Williams reached the crest of the bridge, they saw trouble on the other side. A wall of state troopers, wearing white helmets and slapping billy clubs in their hands, stretched across Route 80 at the base of the span. Behind them were deputies of county sheriff Jim Clark, some on horseback, and dozens of white spectators waving Confederate flags and giddily anticipating a showdown. Knowing a confrontation awaited, the marchers pressed on in a thin column down the bridge’s sidewalk until they stopped about 50 feet away from the authorities.
“It would be detrimental to your safety to continue this march,” Major John Cloud called out from his bullhorn. “This is an unlawful assembly. You have to disperse, you are ordered to disperse. Go home or go to your church. This march will not continue.”
“Mr. Major,” replied Williams, “I would like to have a word, can we have a word?”
“I’ve got nothing further to say to you,” Cloud answered.
SNCC leader John Lewis (light coat, center), attempts to ward off the blow as a burly state trooper swings his club at Lewis' head during the attempted march from Selma to Montgomery on March 7, 1965.
A look at one of the defining social movements in U.S. history, told through the personal stories of men, women and children who lived through it.
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Selma, Bloody Sunday, and the Long Civil Rights Movement. Selma, Alabama served as a major site of civil unrest in response to the disabling conditions of Jim Crow laws for Black Americans in the South. Selma is best-known as the starting place of the 54-mile march in 1965 to Alabama’s capital city, Montgomery.
The 50th Anniversary of the Selma marches has once again brought the Civil Rights Movement into public view. The conventional story is one many are familiar with, and always a popular GCSE History topic, as its inspirational and moralistic tale of non-violent triumph over adversity resonates with a range of racial and social issues today.
Jun 5, 2023 · On the 50th anniversary year of the Selma-to-Montgomery March and the Voting Rights Act it helped inspire, national attention is centered on the iconic images of “Bloody Sunday,” the words of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the interracial marchers, and President Lyndon Johnson signing the Voting Rights Act.
Selma (Dallas County) voting rights campaign and the larger Civil Rights Movement. We owe it to students on this anniversary to share the history that can help equip them to carry on the struggle today. A march of 15,000 in Harlem in solidarity with the Selma voting rights struggle. World Telegram & Sun photo by Stanley Wolfson. Library of Congress
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Sep 18, 2024 · A brief history of the Selma March This infographic provides maps and a timeline of events associated with the Selma March, which occurred March 21–25, 1965, and was a landmark event of the American civil rights movement. Selma March, political march from Selma, Alabama, to the state’s capital, Montgomery, that occurred March 21–25, 1965.
