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- Parts per billion (ppb): Denotes one part per 1,000,000,000 parts, one part in 10 9, and a value of 1 × 10 –9. This is equivalent to 50 drops of water in an Olympic-size swimming pool, or one second of time in approximately 31.7 years.
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One part per billion (ppb) denotes one part per 1,000,000,000 (10 9) parts, and a value of 10 −9. This is equivalent to about three seconds out of a century. One part per trillion (ppt) denotes one part per 1,000,000,000,000 (10 12) parts, and a value of 10 −12.
- Overview
- Parts-per Expressions
- Improper Applications of Parts-per Notation
- Convertibility to Other Units of Measurement
- References
Parts-per notation is often used in the measure of dilutions (concentrations) in chemistry; for instance, to measure the relative abundance of dissolved minerals or pollutants in water. The expression “1 ppm” means a given property exists at a relative proportion of one part per million parts examined, as would occur if a water-borne pollutant was ...
Parts per hundred: Should be represented by the percent (%) symbol and denotes one part per 100 parts, one part in 10², and a value of 1 × 10–2. This is equivalent to one drop of water in 5 millili...Parts per thousand: Should be spelled out in full and should avoid the use the “ppt” abbreviation, which is generally understood to represent “parts per trillion”. It may also be denoted by the per...Parts per ten thousand: Is a unit known as the permyriad (symbol ‱). It is used almost exclusively in finance, where it is known as the basis point and is typically used to denote fractional change...Parts per million (ppm): Denotes one part per 1,000,000 parts, one part in 106, and a value of 1 × 10–6. This is equivalent to one drop of water in 50 liters, or one second of time in approximately...Parts-per notation may properly be used only to express true dimensionless quantities; that is, the units of measurement must cancel in expressions like “1 mg/kg” so that the quotients are pure numbers with values less than 1. Mixed-unit quantities such as “a radonconcentration of 145 µCi/L” are not dimensionless quantities and may not be expressed...
Parts-per notations may be expressed in terms of any unit of the same measure. For instance, the coefficient of thermal expansion of a certain brass alloy, α = 18.7 ppm/°C, may be expressed as 18.7 (µm/m)/°C, or as 18.7 (µin/in)/°C; the numeric value representing a relative proportion doesn’t change with the adoption of a different unit of measure....
^ a b c BIPM: 5.3.7 Stating values of dimensionless quantities, or quantities of dimension one^ a b Report to the 1999 IUPAP General Assembly: Report on recent Committee activities on behalf of IUPAP by Brian W Petley September 1998^ Measurements at parts in 1015, though rather uncommon in analytic chemistry, are performed. Measurements of dioxin are routinely made at the sub-ppq level, as are various toxins that have hormone...Mar 5, 2019 · One part per billion is one part of solute per one billion parts solvent. PPB is a commonly used unit of concentration for very small values. The "parts per" notation is not part of the SI system of units. The notation describes dimensionless quantities.
- Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.
Very low solute concentrations are often expressed using appropriately small units such as parts per million (ppm) or parts per billion (ppb). Like percentage (“part per hundred”) units, ppm and ppb may be defined in terms of masses, volumes, or mixed mass-volume units.
Parts per billion (ppb) is a unit of measurement used to express the concentration of one substance in a solution. It denotes one part of solute per billion parts of the total solution.
Like percentage (“part per hundred”) units, ppm and ppb may be defined in terms of masses, volumes, or even numbers of atoms, as long as the units are the same (so that units cancel). The mass-based definitions of ppm and ppb are given here:
One part per billion is equivalent to one microgram of a substance per liter of water or one microgram per cubic meter of air. ppb is commonly used in environmental science to measure pollutants, such as carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, to understand their impact on air quality.
