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Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass, was the Nazi dictatorship ’s declaration of war against German and Austrian Jews and, implicitly, against Jews living anywhere in the world. Across Germany and German-annexed Austria on November 9–10, 1938, the Nazis staged spectacles of vengeance and degradation that shattered far more than glass.
Kristallnacht (German pronunciation: [kʁɪsˈtalnaχt] ⓘ lit. ' crystal night ') or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (German: Novemberpogrome, pronounced [noˈvɛm.bɐ.poˌɡʁoːmə] ⓘ), [1] [2] [3] was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung (SA) and Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from the ...
Zossen Timeline. 15 Mar 1945. American bombers dropped 25,000 incendiary bombs and 6,000 high explosive bombs on the German army general staff headquarters at Zossen, Germany. 20 Apr 1945. The German OKW moved from Zossen near Berlin, Germany to Mürwik, northern Germany to escape the approaching Soviet forces. 21 Apr 1945.
- Background
- The Destruction of Jewish Property
- The Aftermath
While Kristallnacht was not rigidly planned, it is believed blueprints for its execution had existed for at least a year prior. Jews had been harassed by the Nazi government since the rise of Adolf Hitlerand the Enabling Act of 1933. German Jews had fought in the German army in World War One and were well established within society. The Nazis subse...
There was widespread looting and pillaging, and over 7,500 Jewish businesses had their storefronts caved in, and their valuables seized. Over 1,400 synagogues and many Jewish cemeteries were also damaged or destroyed. These synagogues were sometimes centuries old, and objects of historical significance. In Cologne, the Jewish community had been a c...
Kristallnacht was undeniably a critical step on the road to the “Final Solution” and the Holocaust, which saw the systematic genocide of millions of European Jews. Göring wrote after Kristallnacht that he had: Kristallnacht was the moment when the Nazi High Command realised that they could not simply intimidate every Jew into leaving the country. J...
Nov 8, 2018 · The “Night of Broken Glass” was a Nazi pogrom that foreshadowed the Holocaust. Then, on November 7, 1938, the floodgates opened when Herschel Grynszpan, a Polish Jew, shot Ernst vom Rath, a ...
The terms Kristallnacht and “November Pogroms” are both designations for the violent acts against Jews that were committed primarily in the night of 9–10 November 1938 throughout the German Reich. Organized and initiated centrally by the Nazi leadership, the violence was carried out at local and regional levels by members of the SA and SS with a high level of autonomy.
Dec 16, 2009 · Getty Images. From November 9 to 10, 1938, in an incident known as “Kristallnacht”, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses, and murdered close to ...
