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Local Air Quality Management. Date: June 2024. Executive Summary. The new Council of Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council was formed under Local Government Reform on 1st April 2015,...
Home > Live > Bins and Recycling. Important Information. Commercial operators may deposit waste at Craigahulliar landfill site up to 30th August 2024 unless advised otherwise. Farm waste will be...
- 1. Key points
- 2. ‘Waste from Households’
- 3. ‘Waste from Households’ – Financial Year Figures
- 4. Management of All Local Authority Collected Waste, 2022/23 (Table 4 and Figure 7)
- 5. England and the Regions Local Authority Collected Waste Destinations (Table 5 and Figure 8)
- 6. Household Waste Recycling
- 7. Data and Methodology
- 8. Glossary of Terms and Measures
England ‘Waste from Households’: 2022 and 2022/23 (Table 1 and Figure 1)
•The official England ‘waste from households’ recycling rate was 43.4 per cent in 2022, down 0.7 percentage points from 44.1 per cent in 2021.
•Metal recovered and then recycled from waste that has been through incineration (IBA metal) added approximately 1.0 percentage points to the recycling rate in 2022, this was unchanged from 2020.
•In 2022, total ‘waste from households’ decreased to 21.5 million tonnes from 2021 when it was 23.1 million tonnes. This is equivalent to 377 kg per person, down from 409 kg per person in 2021, a decrease of 7.9 per cent.
•The amount of residual waste treated was 12.1 million tonnes, down from 12.9 million tonnes in 2021, a decrease of 6.0 per cent.
•The total amount of waste recycled decreased. In 2022, it was 9.3 million tonnes, down from 10.2 million tonnes in 2021. This was a decrease of 8.6 per cent.
2.1 ‘Waste from Households’ (Table 1)
‘Waste from households’ is the measure introduced by the UK in 2014 to provide a harmonised UK indicator for reporting recycling rates at a UK level. It excludes local authority collected waste not considered to have come directly from households, such as street bins, street sweepings, parks and grounds waste, and compost-like output. For more information, refer to the Data and Methodology section of this notice. There are revisions to the residual waste figures shown in Table 1. These changes do not affect the recycling rate. See the data & methodology section of this notice for further detail. Table 1: Composition breakdown and recycling rate of ‘waste from households’ in England, 2018 to 2022, (thousand tonnes) Notes - Table 1 Total recycling is calculated from disposal tonnages sent to reprocessors as reported in WasteDataFlow. The processing of collected waste and recycling, stockpiling, process loss and transfer means that there are inevitably differences between collected and disposal tonnages reported by local authorities. For these reasons Total Recycling and Total Residual Waste will not sum to Total ‘Waste from Households’. Subtotals in the table may not add due to rounding. Total waste from households is calculated from collection tonnages reported in WasteDataFlow. It includes dry recycling/preparing for reuse and organics, and residual waste (or ‘black bag’ waste) and rejects from recycling. It excludes collected tonnages of plasterboard, rubble, or soil. IBA metal is included in the recycling figures. Where information on some secondary waste treatments of smaller waste tonnages is not available and waste has been reported as going to treatment unknown (typically for rejects from the recycling stream), there has been a change to calculation methodology and this waste is now allocated to residual waste. See the data & methodology section of this notice for further detail. Download the data for this table In 2022, the total weight of ‘waste from households’ in England was 21.5 million tonnes, a 7.2 per cent decrease down from 23.1 million tonnes in 2021. The weight of waste sent for recycling was 9.3 million tonnes in 2022, an 8.6 per cent decrease from 10.2 million tonnes in 2021. Residual waste was 12.1 million tonnes in 2022, down from 12.9 million tonnes in 2021. This was a decrease of 6.0 per cent. The ‘waste from households’ recycling rate was 43.4 per cent in 2022, a decrease of 0.7 percentage points from 2021 when the rate was 44.1 per cent. Other organics (mostly green garden waste) make a significant contribution to the overall recycling rate. In 2022 the tonnage of ‘other organics’ decreased by 0.4 million tonnes, 11.9 per cent lower than in 2021. This was mainly due to dry weather conditions limiting plant growth. Metals recovered from incinerated waste and then recycled (IBA metal) contributed 222 thousand tonnes, down from 228 thousand tonnes in 2021. This was a decrease of 2.6 per cent. When IBA metal is excluded, the ‘waste from households’ recycling rate was 42.4 per cent in 2022, a decrease of 0.7 percentage points from the 2021 rate of 43.1 per cent.
2.2 ‘Waste from Households’: Waste Streams (Figures 1 to 5)
Figure 1: Waste composition: Waste stream proportions as a percentage of total ‘waste from households’, 2018-2022, England Notes - Figure 1 Residual waste includes residual ‘waste from households’ regular collections (black bags), bulky waste, residual waste from civic amenity centres, and rejects from recycling. It excludes waste diverted for recycling from residual waste. Dry recycling includes paper and card, glass, plastic, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), scrap metals including those reclaimed from incinerator bottom ash as well as other materials. Other organics includes green garden waste, mixed garden and food waste, wood for composting and other compostable waste. Percentages may not add to exactly 100. This is due to rounding. Download the data for this chart A total of 21.5 million tonnes of ‘waste from households’ was treated in England in 2022. Of this, 56.5 per cent was residual waste, 25.9 per cent was dry recycling, 15.3 per cent was ‘other organics’—including green garden waste and mixed garden and food waste—and 2.3 per cent was separately collected food waste. The majority (59.5 per cent) of ‘waste from households’ recycling in 2022 was dry recyclate. The tonnage of dry recycling, which includes paper and card, glass, plastic, waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), and scrap metals including those reclaimed from incinerator bottom ash, as well as other materials decreased to 5.5 million tonnes in 2022. As a proportion of total ‘waste from households’ it was 25.9 per cent in 2022. Separately collected food waste fell by 2.6 per cent to 499 thousand tonnes in 2022 from 512 thousand tonnes in 2021. Whilst only a small proportion of total ‘waste from households’ recycling at 5.4 per cent it has increased from 1.3 per cent in 2010. The tonnage of ‘other organic’ waste (including garden waste, mixed garden and food waste, wood for composting and other compostable waste) decreased by 0.4 million tonnes or 12 per cent to 3.3 million tonnes in 2022. “Other organics accounted for 35.2 per cent of total ‘waste from households’ recycling, 1.3 percentage points lower than in 2021. Organic waste tonnages are variable, linked to the season and weather and plant growing conditions. In 2022 the main impact to organic tonnages was caused by the hot dry summer.
2.3 Waste from Households: quarterly trends (Figure 2)
A quarterly data series for the ‘waste from households’ measure is available Figure 2: Waste from Households: Quarterly trends Jan - Mar 2018 to Oct - Dec 2023 Download the data for this chart Figure 2 shows quarterly tonnages of total residual, total recycling and total ‘waste from households’ in the last 5 years. There is seasonal variation in quarterly waste tonnages. This is mostly due to the contribution of organic garden waste. Tonnages of organics are usually at their highest levels in April to June, and lowest in January to March when garden waste collections reduce over the winter period. Variation in organic waste tonnages between years is mainly due to weather conditions affecting plant growth. Figure 2 shows how trends have changed since 2019 with the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic increasing waste generation in 2020 and 2021. At the start of the COVID-19 pandemic kerbside collections of waste and in particular waste deposited at household waste recycling centres (HWRC) were disrupted. This impacted the tonnage of waste collected in April to June 2020, when total ‘waste from household’ stood at 5.7 million tonnes, the lowest April to June figure across the 5 years. Increased time at home during the pandemic resulted in higher waste generation. Total ‘waste from households’ rose to its highest quarterly levels between July to September 2020 through to July to September 2021. The highest quarterly tonnage during this period was in April to June 2021 when residual waste tonnages rose to 3.3 million tonnes and total ‘waste from households’ was 6.2 million tonnes. 2021 had the highest recorded tonnage of ‘waste from households’ of the last 12 calendar years from 2010. In 2022, total ‘waste from households’ fell to 21.5 million tonnes. This is the lowest annual tonnage across the 12 years. There were decreases across each of the waste streams. Residual waste tonnages decreased, returning to pre pandemic levels in 2022. Quarterly decreases in the tonnage of material sent for recycling in 2022 are detailed below. Whilst we can say with some confidence that the bulk of the decrease in the tonnage of organic waste collected in 2022 was primarily due to weather conditions reducing plant growth, there is less certainty about the main drivers for the overall decreases in dry re-cyclate and residual waste. Decreases in the first half of 2022 are accentuated by the continuing impact of the pandemic in 2021. Other factors driving the decreases may be increases in the cost of living reducing expenditure on food, and the home. It’s possible that further increases in the number of people returning to a place of work maybe further reducing waste generation in the home. Figure 3 shows quarterly changes in the tonnage of total recycling for ‘waste from households’ in England between 2020 and 2021. Figure 3: Quarterly year on year change in weight of recycled ‘waste from households’, 2022 compared to 2021, England Download the data for this chart Compared to the same periods in 2021, all recycling streams decreased in all quarters of 2022 except for ‘Separately Collected Food Waste’ which increased by 1 thousand tonnes in October to December. ‘Other Organics’ decreased across the year. The largest decrease was in July – September 2022 when they fell by 27 per cent, accounting for most of the decrease in ‘Total Recycling’ of 15 per cent. Dry recycling decreased across the year, with tonnages of material falling back to and below pre COVID-19 pandemic levels – see figure 4 below. The largest decreases were in the first two quarters of 2022, due to the higher volumes of waste generated in 2021 as a result of the pandemic.
•In 2022/23, the total weight of ‘waste from households’ in England decreased to 21.3 million tonnes down 6.6 per cent from 22.8 million tonnes in 2021/22.
•The amount of ‘waste from households’ sent to recycling in 2022/23 decreased to 9.2 million tonnes, down 8.3 per cent from 2021/22.
•The ‘waste from households’ recycling rate was 43.3 per cent in 2022/23 a decrease of 0.8 percentage points on the 2021/22 recycling rate, which was 44.1 per cent.
•Dry recycling was 5.5 million tonnes in 2022/23, decreasing by 5.9 per cent from 5.8 million in 2021/22. Organic recycling decreased by 12 per cent to 3.7 million tonnes.
Local authority collected waste consists of all ‘waste from households’, street sweepings, municipal parks and gardens waste, beach cleansing waste, and waste resulting from the clearance of fly-tipped materials plus some commercial and/or industrial waste. For further detail, see Annex 1 of “Local authority waste statistics – Recycling measures” on gov.uk.
As a result of changes in reporting through Q100, it is not appropriate when referring to the management of waste for landfill, incineration or recovery to compare the data for April 2015 onwards too closely to any of the previous annual data. In particular, Q100 allows for more extensive reporting of refuse derived fuel (RDF), incineration, and outputs from incineration.
•Total local authority managed waste in 2022/23 was 24.5 million tonnes, down by 1.6 million tonnes (6.0 per cent) from 2021/22.
•7.2 per cent of all local authority collected waste was sent to landfill in 2022/23. This was a total of 1.8 million tonnes, 0.3 million tonnes lower (a decrease of 16 per cent) than in 2021/22.
•82.6 per cent (1.5 million tonnes) of waste sent to landfill was sent direct in 2022/23. This is an increase from 2021/22, when 80.1 per cent of all local authority collected waste was sent direct to landfill.
•49.1 per cent of all local authority waste was incinerated in 2022/23. This was a total of 12.1 million tonnes, and a decrease of 0.3 million tonnes (2.8 per cent) from 2021/22.
There are regional differences in the management of local authority collected waste, as shown in Table 5 and Figure 8.
Table 5: Management of all local authority collected waste, England by region, 2022/23 (thousand tonnes)
Notes - Table 5
Incineration includes incineration with energy recover/without energy recovery. This includes incinerator bottom ash (IBA) and metals from IBA.
Recycled/Composted refers to the proportion of all local authority collected waste sent for recycling/composting.
Other includes waste treated/disposed of through other unspecified methods as well as process and moisture loss.
6.1 Household Waste Recycling Rates for England and the Regions (Figure 9)
The ‘household waste’ (ex-NI 192) measure is a broader definition of waste than the ‘waste from households’ measure. It includes street bins, street sweepings, gully-emptying, parks and grounds waste, soil, and compost-like output, as well as separately collected healthcare waste and asbestos. It does not include IBA metals. At a regional level, there is considerable variation across authorities, influenced by how heavily populated an area is, the kind of housing present, and the level of other organic or garden waste collected. As an example, in built-up areas with a higher proportion of flats, residents may find it difficult or be unwilling to store waste for recycling; and will not be producing garden waste for collection. This will reduce recycling rates for these authorities. Similarly, authorities with higher recycling rates are likely to be advantaged by good householder response to recycling schemes and a higher tonnage of organic or garden waste being collected. Regional differences are illustrated in Figure 9. Figure 9: ‘Household waste’ recycling rates, England and regions, 2021/22 and 2022/23 Download the data for this chart The region with the highest ‘household waste’ recycling rate in 2022/23 was the South West at 48.2 per cent. The North East had the lowest ‘household waste’ recycling rate in 2022/23 at 31.2 per cent. All regions had decreases in their recycling rates, except for London which was unchanged. The North East region had the largest decrease of 2.3 2 percentage points.
6.2 Household Waste Recycling Rates for Individual Local Authorities (Table 6)
A dataset of recycling rates for all local authorities in England can be found in Table 3 of the local authority collected waste generation dataset. At an individual local authority level, ‘household waste’ recycling rates ranged from 17.7 per cent to 61.6 per cent in 2022/23. The overall average rate for England was 41.7 per cent, a 0.8 percentage point decrease from 2021/22. ‘Household waste’ recycling is often similar in adjacent authorities, though there is a wide range between the highest and lowest recycling rates in all regions of England and even within a region. Figure 1 in the datasets accompanying this statistical notice shows the geographic distribution of ‘household waste’ recycling rates in 2022/23. Table 6 shows the authorities with the highest and lowest recycling rates in each region as well as the proportion of their total recycling that consists of organic waste. Generally, an authority in which a smaller proportion of their total recycling is accounted for by organic waste will have a lower recycling rate, though this is not always the case. Table 6: Local authorities with the highest and lowest household recycling rates in each region in 2022/23 Download the data for this table Across the different regions, the range (or difference) in recycling rate between the highest performing local authority and the lowest performing local authority varied between 14 and 41 percentage points. The region with the widest range in its recycling was the North West at 41.4 percentage points, followed by the South East at 38.1 percentage points. West Midlands had a range of 37.1 percentage points followed by Eastern at 36.6 and South West at 35.0 percentage points. Yorkshire and Humber had a range of 32.4 percentage points followed by London at a range of 31.0 percentage points, then East Midlands at a range of 27.6 percentage points. The region with the smallest range in its recycling rates is the North East at 14.0 percentage points. Overall, in England a total of five authorities had ‘household waste’ recycling rates of 60 per cent or higher, down from seven in 2021/22. Sixty-seven authorities had recycling rates greater than 50 per cent. South Oxfordshire had the highest ‘household waste’ recycling rate in England in 2022/23 at 61.6 per cent. Organic waste made up 55.1 per cent of their total household recycling tonnage. Three Rivers District Council had the second highest recycling rate at 61.5 per cent and 49.2 per cent of their recycling was organics. Vale of White Horse had the third highest recycling rate in England at 60.9 per cent with 54.0 per cent of their recycling tonnage being organic. Each of these authorities has been in the top 5 councils for ‘household waste’ recycling rates in England for the last six years. Over the last 5 years, South Oxfordshire District Council and Three Rivers District Council have had an average household recycling rate of 63.0 per cent. Other authorities with a 5 year average recycling rate of over 60 per cent are St Albans City and District Council (62.4 per cent), Vale of the White Horse District Council (62.2 per cent), East riding of Yorkshire Council (61.5 per cent), Surrey Heath Borough Council (60.9 per cent), and East Devon District Council (60.0 per cent). In 2022/23, Trafford MBC had the highest proportion of organic/green waste comprising 62.9 per cent of their total recycled ‘household waste’. Their overall ‘household waste’ recycling rate was 58.4 per cent. Redditch Borough Council had the lowest proportion of their total recycled ‘household waste’ as organic/green waste at 6.8%. Their overall ‘household waste’ recycling rate was 27.4%. Tower Hamlets LB had the lowest ‘household waste’ recycling rate in England in 2022/23 at 17.7 per cent, with 7.8 per cent of the authority’s recycled ‘household waste’ being organic/green waste. The second lowest ‘household waste’ recycling rate was Liverpool City Council (17.9 per cent; 29.2 per cent organic), and the third lowest was Barrow-in-Furness Borough Council (18.0 per cent; 45.5 per cent organic).
6.3 Household Waste Recycling Rates Local authority performance by region (Tables 7 and 8)
Figure 2 in the datasets accompanying this statistical notice shows the geographic distribution of changes in the recycling rates in 2022/23. Table 7 shows the number and proportion of authorities in each region showing an overall increase in their recycling rate for 2022/23 compared to 2021/22. In total 66 (20 per cent) of the 333 local authorities in England showed an increase in their recycling rate in 2022/23. 267authorities (80 per cent) showed a decrease. There were no regions authorities where the number of authorities with increases in their recycling rate outnumber those with decreases. The highest proportion of increases was in London where 32 per cent of authorities had increases in their recycling rate and 68 per cent had a decrease, next was the West Midlands with 27 per cent of authorities with an increase and 73 per cent with a decrease. This was followed by the North East where 25 per cent of authorities had increases in their recycling rate and 75 per cent had decreases. Table 7: Recycling rates- Number of local authorities in each region with an increase in 2022/23 shown by percentage point range Download the data for this table Table 7 shows that in England in 2022/23, 1 authority had an increase of over 5 percentage points in their recycling rate, 30 (9.0 per cent) increased by between 1 and 5 percentage points and that 35 (11 per cent) authorities had an increase in their recycling rate of less than 1 percentage point. The authority with an increase of over 5 percentage points in their recycling rate was Solihull MBC (West Midlands region) which had a 6.3 percentage point increase to give a recycling rate of 41.5%. London had 7 authorities (19 per cent of authorities in that region) with an increase of between 1 and 5 percentage points in their recycling rate. This was the most in any region. This was followed by the South East with 6 authorities (9 per cent), East Midlands 4 authorities (10 per cent) and North West 4 authorities (9 per cent) The South East had the most (10) authorities with an increase of up to 1 percentage points (14 per cent of authorities in that region), followed by the West Midlands with 5 authorities (15 per cent), and London with 5 authorities (14 per cent). Table 8 shows the number and proportion of authorities in each region showing an overall decrease in their recycling rate for 2022/23 compared to 2021/22. Table 8: Recycling rates - Number of local authorities in each region with a decrease in 2022/23 shown by percentage point range Download the data for this table Table 8 shows that in England in 2022/23, 5 authorities (2 per cent of the total) had a decrease of over 5 percentage points in their recycling rate, 181 (54 per cent) decreased by between 1 and 5 percentage points and 81 (24 per cent) authorities had a decrease in their recycling rate of less than 1 percentage point. There were 5 local authorities with decreases in their recycling rate of over 5 percentage points. The 3 authorities with the largest decreases were Newcastle-upon-Tyne MBC (North East) with a decrease of 11.1 percentage points to give a recycling rate of 25.6%, Redcar and Cleveland Borough Council (North East) a decrease of 8.0 percentage points to 30.2% and Middlesborough Borough Council with a decrease of 6.7 percentage points to give a recycling rate of 23.1%. The North East had 3 authorities with a decrease of over 5 percentage points, while London and the North West each had 1 authority in this group. There were 181 authorities with a decrease of between 1 and 5 percentage points. The regions with the most authorities in this group were the South East with 40 authorities (57 per cent of authorities in that region), Eastern region had 37 authorities (77 per cent), East Midlands region with 24 authorities (62 per cent), North West region had 21 authorities (49 per cent), and South West had 17 authorities (59 per cent). There were 81 authorities with a decrease of up to 1 percentage points. There were 3 regions each with 14 authorities in this group. These were the West Midlands (42 per cent of the authorities in that region), North West (33 per cent) and South East (20 per cent).
7.1 Data Uses
Data on waste management is used to monitor policy effectiveness and to support policy development. The underlying data held in WasteDataFlow is also used extensively by local and central government, the waste industry, and the public. Data is reported by all local authorities, often from management information supplied by their waste management contractor. Factors affecting household waste recycling range from individual household behaviours, the advice and collection services provided by local authorities, the cost of waste treatment and disposal, and to some extent, wider issues such as the state of the economy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some quarterly waste data shows a clear seasonal fluctuation. For example, the generation of garden waste is highly seasonal, increasing sharply and pushing up recycling rates in the spring and summer months. For this reason, comparisons should be made with the same quarter in previous years or using full 12-month periods. However, it should be remembered that in 2020/21 changes between years are obscured by the effects COVID-19, particularly in the period from April to September. Prior to 2020/21 about 87 per cent of all waste managed by local authorities is ‘waste from households’ with the remainder coming from street cleaning, parks and grounds, business and construction. During 2020/21 this proportion rose to 90 per cent and was 88 per cent in 2021/22. In 2022/23 this proportion remained at 88 per cent. Only a small proportion of the total waste from businesses and construction are covered in these statistics, with most being managed privately.
7.2 Feedback
We welcome feedback on the data from all users, including how and why the data is used. This helps us to understand the value of the statistics to external users. Please take a minute to complete this short survey (this opens in google forms). Alternatively you can email the Waste Statistics team at WasteStatistics@defra.gov.uk
7.3 Revisions Policy
Defra will provide information about any significant revisions made to information published in this statistics release and the associated datasets. Revisions could occur for a variety of reasons, including backdating to reflect methodological improvements or the finalisation of data from third parties that was unavailable or provisional at the time of publishing. Occasionally, local authorities request revisions after this point where it is generally not possible to take the changes into account without risking the delay of publication. These typically do not have a significant impact on the headline figures, particularly at an England level. The figures in this statistical release were extracted in December 2023 from data reported by local authorities during 2022 and 2023.
‘Waste from Households’
The ‘waste from households’ measure was introduced to statistical publications by Defra in May 2014. It is used to construct a harmonised UK indicator for reporting recycling rates at a UK level on a calendar year basis, providing comparable calculations across each of the four UK countries. ‘Waste from households’ is a narrower version of the ‘household waste’ measure that was used previously. The difference is that ‘waste from households’ excludes local authority collected waste types not considered to have come directly from households, such as street bins, street sweepings, parks and grounds waste, and compost-like output (CLO) from Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plants. As explained above under ‘Methodology’ and ‘Data Notes and Development’, we have introduced a change to the ‘waste from households’ recycling calculation to now include metal recovered after incineration (IBA metal). Further information on the calculations and differences between measures has been published on the gov.uk website and is summarised in the table below.
Notes
* Revised to include IBA metal in 2017 and applied to data from April 2015.
We have continued to report the ‘household waste’ recycling measure in our annual publication on a financial year basis to maintain continuity with the existing data series and in order to meet the wider needs of users. However it is no longer reported in the quarterly releases on recycling, which will report the ‘waste from households’ measure only. Full data on ‘household waste’ is available and can be downloaded on the gov.uk website.
The local authority recycling rate is based on the NI 192 National Indicator recycling calculation. The National Indicator calculation has been widely used by local authorities for many years for local strategic planning purposes, discussions with contractors and for benchmarking against other authorities and captures a broader scope of household waste than ‘waste from households’, e.g. it includes street sweepings and compost like output. This calculation will be made available as the NI 192 report on the WasteDataFlow portal and also on gov.uk website. This is reported on a financial year basis to meet the needs of local authorities.
your black or blue bin for collection, doing so on the normal collection day at the normal collection point. Bin Collection Calendar 2022 (covering former Moyle area effective from 28th March...
Executive Summary. The new Council of Causeway Coast and Glens Borough Council was formed under Local Government Reform on 1st April 2015, merging Legacy Councils; Ballymoney, Coleraine, Limavady and Moyle. oast and Glens monitoring of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) has been undertaken since 2008. This monitoring was undertake.
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