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Sep 12, 2021 · The standard deviation, s, describes the spread of individual values about their mean, and is given as \[s = \sqrt{\frac {\sum_{i = 1}^{n} (X_i - \overline{X})^{2}} {n - 1}} \label{4.1}\] where \(X_i\) is one of the n individual values in the data set, and \(\overline{X}\) is the data set's mean value.
Sep 12, 2021 · The standard deviation of the mean, \(\sigma_{\overline{X}}\), which also is known as the standard error of the mean, is \[\sigma_{\overline{X}} = \frac {\sigma} {\sqrt{n}} \nonumber\] The confidence interval for the population’s mean, therefore, is
The standard deviation, \(\sigma\), describes the spread of a data set’s individual values about its mean, and is given as \[ \sigma=\sqrt{\frac{\sum_{i}^{ }(X_i-\overline{X})^2}{n-1}} \tag{4.1}\] where X i is one of n individual values in the data set, and X is the data set’s mean (average) value.
Nov 5, 2013 · There are three ways in which the statistical information that accompanies a measurement (average, standard deviation, and confidence limit) can be stated. If, for example, five replicate measurements of a solid’s density were made, and the average was 1.015 g/cm 3 with an estimated standard deviation of 0.006, then the results of this ...
Standard Deviation. Standard deviation (σ) provides a tool to determine if measurements are statistically equivalent and differ by only random error present in the data. If only random error is present, the measurements should adopt a Gaussian distribution around the true value (μ).
Jun 4, 2020 · Standard deviation: The standard deviation (denoted σ) also provides a measure of the spread of repeated measurements either side of the mean. An advantage of the standard deviation over the variance is that its units are the same as those of the measurement.
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You should test whether there is a significant difference in the spread (standard deviation) of replicate measurements for each sample (use the F-test) as well as the mean values themselves (use a pooled t-test). 2.2 Mean, Variance, & Standard Deviation.