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- Overview
- WebAuthn concepts and usage
- Controlling access to the API
- Interfaces
- Extensions to other interfaces
- Examples
- Browser compatibility
The Web Authentication API (WebAuthn) is an extension of the Credential Management API that enables strong authentication with public key cryptography, enabling passwordless authentication and secure multi-factor authentication (MFA) without SMS texts.
WebAuthn uses asymmetric (public-key) cryptography instead of passwords or SMS texts for registering, authenticating, and multi-factor authentication with websites. This has some benefits:
•Protection against phishing: An attacker who creates a fake login website can't login as the user because the signature changes with the origin of the website.
•Reduced impact of data breaches: Developers don't need to hash the public key, and if an attacker gets access to the public key used to verify the authentication, it can't authenticate because it needs the private key.
•Invulnerable to password attacks: Some users might reuse passwords, and an attacker may obtain the user's password for another website (e.g. via a data breach). Also, text passwords are much easier to brute-force than a digital signature.
Many websites already have pages that allow users to register new accounts or sign into an existing account, and WebAuthn acts as a replacement or enhancement for the authentication part of the system. It extends the Credential Management API, abstracting communication between the user agent and an authenticator and providing the following new functionality:
•When navigator.credentials.create() is used with the publicKey option, the user agent creates new credentials via an authenticator — either for registering a new account or for associating a new asymmetric key pair with an existing account.
The availability of WebAuthn can be controlled using a Permissions Policy, specifying two directives in particular:
•publickey-credentials-create: Controls the availability of navigator.credentials.create() with the publicKey option.
•publickey-credentials-get: Controls the availability of navigator.credentials.get() with the publicKey option.
Both directives have a default allowlist value of "self", meaning that by default these methods can be used in top-level document contexts. In addition, get() can be used in nested browsing contexts loaded from the same origin as the top-most document. get() and create() can be used in nested browsing contexts loaded from the different origins to the top-most document (i.e. in cross-origin ), if allowed by the publickey-credentials-get and publickey-credentials-create Permission-Policy directives, respectively. For cross-origin create() calls, where the permission was granted by allow= on an iframe, the frame must also have Transient activation.
AuthenticatorAssertionResponse
Provides proof to a service that an authenticator has the necessary key pair to successfully handle an authentication request initiated by a CredentialsContainer.get() call. Available in the response property of the PublicKeyCredential instance obtained when the get() Promise fulfills.
AuthenticatorAttestationResponse
The result of a WebAuthn credential registration (i.e., a CredentialsContainer.create() call). It contains information about the credential that the server needs to perform WebAuthn assertions, such as its credential ID and public key. Available in the response property of the PublicKeyCredential instance obtained when the create() Promise fulfills.
AuthenticatorResponse
The base interface for AuthenticatorAttestationResponse and AuthenticatorAssertionResponse.
CredentialsContainer.create(), the publicKey option
Calling create() with a publicKey option initiates the creation of new asymmetric key credentials via an authenticator, as explained above.
CredentialsContainer.get(), the publicKey option
Calling get() with a publicKey option instructs the user agent uses an existing set of credentials to authenticate to a relying party.
Demo sites
•Mozilla Demo website and its source code. •Google Demo website and its source code. •WebAuthn.io demo website and its source code. •github.com/webauthn-open-source and its client source code and server source code
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