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  1. A summary of Introduction & Section 1, Bourgeois and Proletarians (Part 1) in Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of The Communist Manifesto and what it means.

    • Summary

      A short summary of Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto. This...

  2. A summary of Section 1, Bourgeois and Proletarians (Part 2) in Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto. Learn exactly what happened in this chapter, scene, or section of The Communist Manifesto and what it means. Perfect for acing essays, tests, and quizzes, as well as for writing lesson plans.

    • History of The Communist Manifesto
    • The Community Manifesto Summary: Introduction
    • Part 1: Bourgeois and Proletarians
    • Part 2: Proletarians and Communists
    • Part 3: Socialist and Communist Literature
    • Part 4: The Communist Manifesto Summary Conclusion

    The Communist Manifesto stems from the joint development of ideas between Marxand Engels, but Marx alone wrote the final draft. The text became a significant political influence on the German public and led to Marx being expelled from the country. This prompted his permanent move to London and the pamphlet's 1850 publication in English for the firs...

    Marx and Engels begin the manifesto by pointing out that the European powers that be have identified communism as a threat. These leaders believe that communism could change the power structure and the economic system known as capitalism. Given its potential, according to Marx and Engels, the communist movement requires a manifesto, and that is wha...

    In the first part of The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels explain the evolution of capitalism and the exploitative class structure that resulted from it. While political revolutions overturned the unequal hierarchies of feudalism, in their place sprung a new class system composed primarily of a bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production) an...

    In this section, Marx and Engels explain what the Communist Party wants for society. They begin by pointing out that the organization stands out because it does not represent a particular faction of workers. Rather, it represents the interests of workers (the proletariat) as a whole. The class antagonismsthat capitalism creates and bourgeoisie rule...

    In the third part of The Communist Manifesto, Marx and Engels present an overview of three types of critique against the bourgeoisie. These include reactionary socialism, conservative or bourgeois socialism, and critical-utopian socialism or communism. They explain that the first type either seeks to return to a feudal structure or preserve conditi...

    In The Communist Manifesto's final section, Marx and Engels point out that the Communist Party supports all revolutionary movements that challenge the existing social and political order. The manifesto ends with a call for the proletariat, or working class, to come together. Invoking their famous rally cry, Marx and Engels say, "Working men of all ...

  3. The Communist Manifesto, pamphlet (1848) written by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels to serve as the platform of the Communist League. It became one of the principal programmatic statements of the European socialist and communist parties in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

    • The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
  4. This passage sums up what Marx and Engels have been arguing in this chapter: the bourgeoisie, by creating the proletariat class, has mistakenly put in place the forces that will bring about its own destruction.

  5. The State and Revolution — Chapter 1. 1. The State: A Product of the Irreconcilability of Class Antagonisms. What is now happening to Marx’s theory has, in the course of history, happened repeatedly to the theories of revolutionary thinkers and leaders of oppressed classes fighting for emancipation.

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  7. This first chapter introduces the reader to a host of significant issues and images that become motifs that set the mood for and recur throughout the novel. The reader is not so subtlety drawn into a world of constant duplicity, manipulation, and surveillance.

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